Friday, May 27, 2011

ZBC Tangthu - Rev. Khoi Lam Thang

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ZBC piankhiatna:  1899 in Carsonte Zogam hong tung a, 1953 kum in ZBC piang hi. 1948 kum a piang HBA, FBA, leh TBA kigawm ZBC kici ahi hi. Hihkhoilamthang bangin Association thum a pian ma in Zogam bup a om Baptist Pawlpi khempeuh “All Chin-Hills Baptist Association” kici hi. 1919-1938 ciang Cope topa vaihawm “Tedim Kam Thu kizakna lai” zong “Chin Hills News” kici hi. 1940 kiim India gam sanggamte in zong “Mizo” a kicih hun pawl a kipan in “Chin” sangin “Zo” tawh kiminlawh ding ngaihsutna hong laang hi. Rev ST Hau Go US pan hong ciah ciangin Zogam pawlpite dinmun sangmangte in hong puahphat nop hun tawh kituak a, HBA, FBA lah TBA teng kipawlna khat neih ding hong gel uh hi. Tua vaihawmna a tangtun na dingin ZBC hong piang hi. Mi pawlkhatte in Sia Hau Go makaih ahih manin “Zomi” min a pua hi ci in mawhsak uh hi. Hih hun lai pek a kipan in min thu bek hi lo a, sum thu leh a dangdang ah zong khat le khat kigimneihna kinopmawhna khaici kipanpan khin hi.
CCOC kipatma ciang:  Sangmang Johnson bangin zong “Chin” mah ci viuveu hi leh kilawm hi. ZBC makaihna nuai ah Lai Siangtho sang kiphuan a, Zomi Baptist Bible School kici pen a masa pen certificate piak ding ciangin (1959)alaidal tungah “Chin Baptist Bible School” ci in Johnson in gel hi. Rev Kam Khaw Thang in nasia tak in thalnial ngei hi. Zomi te a phualphual ah biakna lam i kimakaihzia kibang lo hi. Falam gam Khalkha gam ah Pasian leh Pasian nasemte zahtakbawl in thupisim uh a, Tedim gam ah Pasian nasemte pen kithupisim khollo in maineu uh hi. Tua ahih amnin mipil misiam a khangmasasa in Pasian nasep ding sangin kumpi nasep ding sumzon ding hanciam zaw uh hi. I lawm dangte in Tan 10 ong, BA, B.Sc ngahte mah biakna lam ah na kipia uh a, Zogam ki makaihna ah dinmun kician hong nei hi.
1980 masiah ciangciang Tedim mite lak ah Tan 10 ong leh Graduate khin sa Lai Siangtho sang kah tawm mahmah a, a om sunsun ZBC, MBC, MCC dongah na kihel uh hi. Tedim mite in makai haksatna (Leadership crisis) phukha hi hang. Tua kawmkal ah TBA sung pan ZBA leh SRBA inntuan hi. Tuiphum pawlpi nusia in Thang Za Kam, EBC, AG, UPC … te piang hi. Hih bang a minam sung kitapzan ngiingei nate ah thudam leh thunamtui tawh kikhen liailiai na om khol hi. Thang Za Kam pawlpi tawh kikhen ding lai in ZBC pan a lemtuah ding hong pai makaite in “No Tedimte na haksatna uh pen Surgical method na zat luat man uh hi” hong ci kici hi. Nengno a na khat kheisuk ding a ling lakhia ding cih lungpuak nei hi hang.
CCOC pan 1995 ciang:  1983 ciangin CCOC hong piang hi. CCOC min ngiat pen “Chin” min dinpihna khat in kimu hi. Ahih hangin Tedim lamte in nasia takin mapang a, CCOC ading in a simasa Cin Khaw Thawn Tedim mite mah ahi hi. Asi 7 lak ah 5 in Tedim mite hi. Piakkhiatna ah zong a hanciampente hi. Hih bang hun laitak in ZBC makaihna nuai ah sumzat zia, makaihzia a kipan thu tuamtuam ah Tedim mi makaite teltheihloh thu, mawhsakna, etkhialhna hong khang semsem hi. Hih hun sung mah in ZBC structure et phat kikna ding nakpi tak in ZBC EC ciangah kikum den uh hi. Khalkha lamte in ZBC pan paikhiat ding hanciam ngei hi. ZBC mahmah MBC tawh kizom lo in BWA tawh kizop ding ciang makaite ngaihsutna thusim ah om ngei hi. Ni khat ni ciang kihen kul veve ding ahih ciangin “kampau-language” bulphuh a kikhen zaw ding maw “gam le lei-geography” bulphuh a kikhen zaw ding cih pen thulu lianpi hong suak a, a tawp ma ah ZBC Trienial in a khensat ding ciang tun uh hi.
1995 Khuasak thupiang Khuasak ah 1995 kum in ZBC Trienial tung a, tua sung ah ZBC pen khang tawntung kikhen lo ding cih vekpi lungkim in khensat uhhi. Tua thu khensatna khit ciangin “kitelna” om hi. ZBC GS dingin Rev. Dr. Chum Awi a ki norminate khinsa ahi hi. Tedim lamte ngaihsut na ah tutung pen ei Tedim lamte GS sep hun ahih manin GS post hong piak uh leh ZBC tawh kipawl lai ding, hong piak kei uh leh ZBC pan paikhia ding cih vaihawmna tawh England a sangkah kim lai Rev. Thawng Khan Cin kisam a, GS kidemsak hi. Kilel hi. (ZBC GS ding a kitel Rev. Dr Chum Awi in kum khat zong sem manlo in gamdangah hong zinsan a, KVBA GS ding a kitel Rev. Tuang Khan Kap in vaihaksapi sung GS sem hi.)GS a kingah loh ciangin Khuasak khua ZBC Trienial kikhoppi sung mah ah Tedim lam teng kituam kup pah uh a, ZBC pan paikhaitna ding vaihawm uh hi.
Tuate sung ah TBA, TTBA, KZBA, TVBA, ZBA teng kihela, SRBA in a mau leitang tung a thu kivaihawm laitak ahih na hang tawh kikhen ding thu pompih zolo uh hi. ZBA te a sawt lo in ZBC mah ah kileh kik uh hi. TBA tangmite inn a tun kik uh ciangin mipi lungkim lo ahih manin a pai khiate lah pawm nawn lo, ZBC ah lah ciah kik lo in tangdin uh hi. A paikhia te in “ZBC sung sum leh paaizat na ah hong muang zo kei ung” cih siksan bulpi in nei uh hi. Hih thu teng a pian ciangin ZBC in commission a dawldawl seh in haksatnate lem napi 1998 kumthum cin kik dong kigawm kik ding ciang tun zolo hi. A paikhia te in ZBCM min pua uh a, Kawlpi ah kiphual uh hi. ZBC tung ah inntuan nang thu dam tawh a nget uh hangin lawhcing lo hi. ZBC in a paikhia te kiang ah vok go in a khaam kawikawi hangin zong a phattuamna om nawn lo hi. Tua kawmkal ah Tedim mi sung (a diakdiak in TBA sung ah) ‘C’ leh ‘M’ thu hangin zum kong mang kong kitun, u leh nau ki nopmawh, sisan naisan luanna pianghi.
TBA in thudot (Patron) dingin a seh uh Rev. Dr. Pau Khan En, Rev. Dr Kam Khaw Thang, Rev. Dr. Do Sian Thang leh Rev. Smith Ngul Za Thawng te tawh kimuh na zong om zelzel hi. Tedim kampau sia khempeuhh kimuhkhopna zong kibawl hi. ZCLS makaihna tawh consultation zong kisam hi. Ahih hangin thudot te in “ZBC ah ciah kik ding” hi kinken a, ZBCM makaite in “Ciahkik lo ding mainawt ding” hi den hi. Tua bangin TTBA, TVBA, leh KZBA in ZBCM mintawh “ngal hapaksa tum kik kei” ci in mainawt suak uh hi. TBA tangdin gige hi. TBA sung pan in Mualbeem khawk te in TAB ci in Association thak kipan uh a 1999 Trienial ah ZBC tawh kizom uh hi. 1998 Trienial khit ZBC triennial in MBC ah hih thu haksa a puak toh dingin a kigen hangin EC leh ap kik hi. 1999 kum ciangin MBC tun pan uh hi. MBC GS pen Rev. Saw Mar Gay Gyi leh Rev. Simon Pau Khan En hong kilaih hun tawh kituak hi. Sia Enno makaihna tawh MBC thuhaksa lemtuah pawl in Khamtung gam ah hong kuan uh hi.
ZBCM tawh bangmah vaihawm kha nawnlo uh hi. TBA bulphuh deuh uh ahih mah bangin TBA in zong “ZBCM pai ding lah lung kim khin zo kei ung. ZBC ciah kik ding lah lungkim khin zo kei ung, MBC nuai ah Baptist innkuan sun pan lah taikhia het kei nung” a cih ciangin MBC in TBA mailam ding ngaihsutsak hi. MBC, TBA leh ZBC makaite kimu uh a, TBA mailam ding a gel na uh a (1) TBA pen Association 3 kisuah ding a, Convention in a din theih nang kithawi ding. (2) Tua hun sung ZBC ah kipawlna sum khia ding a, ZBC kum 50 cin zong bawl khawm ding. (3) ZBC in zong TBA mailam ding a hoih pen in vaihawmsak ding (4) hi bang laklawh hun sung MBC in TBA akisam bangin vaan ding cih ahi hi. Hih vaihawm na mah bangin MBC in TBC a van zawhzah in van hi.
TBA zong Association thum kisuah a (1) Northern Tedim Baptist Association, Tedim (central) Baptist Association leh Southern Tedim Baptist Association kici hi. Tua teng ki gawm leuleu in Tedim Baptist Convention dingin vaihawm (form-up) uh hi. Hih thu 2001 ZBC Trienial Hnaring ah kigen hi. MBC pan Sia Enno leh Sia Authur Kolay, leh TBA makaite zong hong pai hi. ZBC triennial delegate in TBA te convention a suah theih nang MBC tungah puaktoh dingin lungkimna pia zo lo hi. Tua bangin dinmun a kisawn toto pen 2003 ZBC EC in ZBC kum 50 cin Jubilee tawh kituak in thukimpih na a pia ahi hi. Mai lam ah TBC pen MBC in a kipsak nang ZBC in thukimpih ta hi.
Hih pen MBC kalsuanzia lam man a tawn ahi hi. MBC in a pia taktak diam cih om lai hi. Ol no tak in piaziau lel thei ding a, zong pialo thei ek ding hi. Banghang hiam cih leh ei phut bang buaina Shan gam Kachin gamte ah om kawikawi a, MBC in aktui kitam ding bang a a dop kingkiang laitak” ahi hi. Tua ban ah MBC Kumnih cin khawmpi bek in Convention kipsakna a pia thei ding hi a, tu kum January kha sung Myitkyina khua ah tua khawmpi kibawl ahih manin tu zawh kum 2 sung sawt thei lai ding cih lamet om lailai hi. 1953 lai a TBA teng i kipawl khawm thei tam! !948 kum in a piang TBA pen 1953 kum in ZBC a piangsak suangthuthum lak ah khat ahi hi. Kum 50 sung ah convention 3 leh Associaiton 15 a kipha ta suak hi.
1. Tedim Baptist Convention (1) Northern Tedim Baptist Association, (2) Tedim (Central) Baptist Association (3) Southern Tedim Baptist Association 2. Zomi Baptist Convention sung ah (4) Zo Baptist Association piang hi. (5) Siyin Region Baptist Association piang hi. (6) Kalay Valley Baptist Association (7) Tamu Kabaw valley Baptist Association (8) Kuki Baptist Association (9) Tedim Association of Baptist 3. Zomi Baptist Convention of Myanmar sungah (10) Tonzang Township Baptist Association (11) Kalay Zomi Baptist Association (12) Tamu Baptist Association (13) Zanggam Baptist Association (14) Gungal Baptist Association (?) (15) Cikha Baptist Associatioan (?) *(?) nih pen ka thu nung zak hi a, a min bulhdan khawng tel siang lo hiing. Hih Convention thum sung a om Association 15 tengin Zomite khantoh nading leh phattuam na ding vaihawm khop theih nang kipawlna khat i vaihawm zo diam? A phamawh in ngaihsut ding thupi ta hi. A tawp dong nong simsak lungdam ing.
Rev. Khoi Lam Thang
(B.Th.,B.A.,M.Div.,M.A.,M.Th)
General Secretary of Bible Society of Myanmar

Tuesday, May 17, 2011


Osama bin Laden Sita: "Geronimo EKIA"

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Thukante ciamtehna ah Osama bin Laden pen "Geronimo" hi. US President Barack Obama leh a thudotpi teng White House innsung The Situation Room ah tukhawm uh a, hauzacinPakistan gam Abbottabad khua ah Navy Seals te in Osama omna inn hidinga a upmawh huangsungah galsim uh hi. Tua pen Washington DC sunga Potomac luipi gei a CIA phualpi pan Central Intelligence Agency te Director Leon Panetta in a et theih ding un khahkhia hi. A video a khah kawmin Navy Seals te nasep gen toto a:

"Tun, a huangsung tungta uh hi.." a cih zawh a sawtlo in;

"Tun, Geronimo mel kimu thei hi.."

"Geronimo EKIA."

EKIA cih a khiatna Enemy Killed In Action (Galpa Galsungah Kithatta Hi) acihnopna ahi hi.

Kuamah paulo, phunlo, dai khipkhep in om uh a, tua leh a tawpna ah President Obama in, "Kiman Ta Hi" (we got him) ci hi.

Leitung langkhat pek pan President leh a lawmte Vice President Biden, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton leh midangte in Navy Seals te in leitung langkhat ah galsimna White House inn sung pan na et hit hiat uh hi. 'Hit hiat' cih hang a lungsim uh om hit hiat hetlo a, a guktat thei pen, a kidawm thei pen, gulhik cil nget banga a telsuut uh hih galsimna a hihkhialh khak ding uh lau mahmah uh hi. Minute khat zong ni tampi bangin sawt kisa hi ci liang uh hi. Nungak hel masak ding laitak kimuh ding lah ut, lah nervous, kihi ngitngut laitak tawh kibanglo dia! President pa nangawn suangtum bang kici liang hiven!!

Bangci et theih uh hiam cih leh galsimte in a lukhu leh puansilh tungah camera neute kithuah a, amau muh khempeuh maan kila in tua pen vanleng a hawl omlo Pakistan leh Afghanistan gamgi tungah leeng a, tua vanleng in vantung sangpeka Satellite ah khakto kik in, tua Satellite pan CIA Headquarters, Potomac Luipi gei ah puaksuk a, tua pan White House ah President leh a lawmte et theih dingin screen tawh kilak hi. Hih 'Live' transmission pen CIA te bek in a ngah hi a, tua pan White House bek ah et theih dingin a piak phei ahi hi. Numeite in 'lawm, nang kiang bek ah kong gen hi aw, kua mah theisak ken aw' a cih kawikawi bang uh hilel lo diam... ha ha...!

A lauh giugiau bang un a Hellicopter uh khat Osama huang sungah a tuk ciang a engine khawlcip a, a laih dingin Hellicopter dang khat hong pai kul hi. Hih galsimna khempeuh US te in Pakistan kumpi theisak vetlo a 'hih sim' ahih manin Hellicopter dang vaikhak leh Pakistan kumpi in a theih khak ding a lau mahmah uh hi. A theihma vua gamgi peel a Afghanistan gamah lut kik man ding cih a ngimna uh ahi hi. A lamdang mahmah pen US Navy Seals te leh Hellicopter in Pakistan gamsung kuamah theihloh in a lut theih uh ahi hi. Radar in zong mulo, Pakistan kumpi in zong thei manlo. Thei kha zenzen in Pakistan in lehdo hileh zong US kumpi in a huh ding Pak - Afghanistan gamgi ah na koih khinzo hihtuak hi!

Osama bin Laden ama inn a dawl thumna ah om mu uh a, a zi in hung sawmin a dal sawm leh Seals te in a khe kapsak uh a, Osama bel a awm ah kap in, a tal (a mit veilam tunglian) khawnga khat ah kap kik in, a khuak tampi lengkhia in a phual ah tuuk in a sipah hi. Seals te in a luang la in Black Hawk Hellicopter sungah lutpih uh a, Afghanistan gam lam zuanin a lenkhiatpih uh hi. Afghanistan a tun uh ciangin Osama takpi  mah ahi hiam cih theihna dingin DNA test bawl uh a, tua khit ciang Osama pianna gam Saudi Arabia kumpi kiangah a luang puak ding maw ciin a dot uh hang deihlo uh ahih manin US Galkap Tembawpi USS Carl Vinson tungah ama biakna kivui dan ngeina khempeuh a zawh uh ciangin Arabian Sea tuipi sungah a phum uh hi.

Osama tawh a si khawm mi 4 lak ah a tapa khat zong kihel hi.

Osama pen telephone zong neilo, internet zong neilo in na om a, ahi zongin a innsungah Computer 5, DVD tampi ban ah flash memory tampi na kem hi. Tua khempeuh Navy Seals te in ciahpih a, DVD khat sung bangah Osama in ama video a etlaitak kilakna video khawng zong om hi. Amah zong amah leh amah na ki entertained hilo dia.

Kum 5 sung tua innsungah a om sungin khatvei zong inpua, huangpua pusuak ngeilo a, nisim in nai khat sungta bang nilum awi in innka ah tukhia zel hi. Tua simloh innsung bek ah kikhumcip a, kuamah in (a theite simloh in, a naseppihte simloh in) tua inn ah a omlam theilo uh hi.

I theihsa ciat mah bangin Osama bin Laden pen US gamah 9/11 a piangsakpa ahi hi. 9/11 cih pen September 11 ni, kum 2001 ni -a  New York khuapi a linglawngsak, vanleng in World Trade Centre a phulsiat, a kicim cip sungah mi 3000 val a sihna ahi hi. Hih ni in US Galkap phualpi The Pentagon (Inn Kiu Nga Nei) zong vanleng khat in bawh a mi 300 val si hi. A dang vanleng khat Virginia ah kia in a sungah tuang khempeuh si uh hi. Tua pen kialo hileh, mite upmawhna ah, White House phu dinga kisawl hi kici hi. Tua zaha US gam leh US  mipi a galbawl Osama a kithat pen US kumpi leh US mipite adingin a lungmuanhuai mahmah khat ahi hi. Tua manin President  Obama in, "Tu in Osama sita ahih manin i tenna leitung nangawn galmuang tuam hi," ci liang hi.

Africa gam Tanzania leh Kenya a US Embassy bomb tawh a kapsiat ngei ban ah, WTC phualpi mahmah zong bomb tawh 9/11 ma in na kap ngei hi. Tun si nailo hileh a sawmna ah US khuata honkhat leh meileng zong kapsia lai ding cih ngimna a nei ahi hi.

Obama in Osama a thahna thu ah na lamdang tampi om hi. US in Pakistan kumpi hilhkho vetlo in Pakistan gamsungah gal va sim mawk hi. Osama om ding hi cih nangawn zong a upmawh thu uh hilh vetlo hi. US kumpi in Pakistan kumpi muanglo, umlo, seppih kul salo cihna hi. Genkhol kha le uh Pakistan in Osama nung na beeng dingin amah na kihemkhia hiau ding cih lau uh hi. Pakistan in "amau gam ah Osama omlo hi" cih pen Certificate pi khat banga a kisak theihpih uh, a kisuanpih mahmah khat uh ahi hi. A kigenna uh bang hilo ahih manin US in a taw leem ziau a, tu in Pakistan maizum in leitung khempeuh in a thumaanlohna uh theita hi, kici hi. Kawlngian bang pian hilo dia: kithei leh kuamah in thupi sim nawnlo pah lian, zuau gen kipahtawi ngeilo....he he he..

Osama sihna thu mun khempeuh ah kigen hi inteh. Facebook a CIAMNUIH GROUP ah zong:

"Osama tui sungah kipai ahih manin ngasa neek na kidawm un...ci pong..." a cih leh a nuai ah adang khat in kuppih a,

"Nu ei, en ngasa tawm man bel ci a hahkat taka na ne ziahziah hive hang... ci pong..." ciin dawng hi.

CIAMNUIH GROUP hi in group lo hita leh Osama thu leh huih nung in leitung zeel mahmah mawk ei. Tulai 'ci pong' cih zong hong thang simsim ahih cianga facebook zat ciang tua zong kihel hamtang phial hi.. ci pong...

"Geronimo" cih kammal zat hangin Indians te lungkimlo, mipi in lamdangsa cihte zong gen ding tampi om neunau lai ei, guai...

Hau Za Cin
Phuitong Liim

Osama bin Laden Sita: "Geronimo" Kua Hiam?

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"Geronimo" pen US gamsunga teng masa Apache minam te galhangpa hi kici hi. Amah pen US te leh Mexico te in amau tenna mun a luh uh hauzacinciang a lehdo kikpa hi kici hi. Ama min taktak pen Goyathlay hi kici a, "Geronimo" cih bel Mexican te in a phuahtawm min hi kici hi. Mexican te tawh Apache te a kido uh ciang Mexican te in a lauh penpen uh Geronimo hiding ci uh a, tua manin galsim dinga kuan peuhmah, "Kidawm Un" a cihnop un, "Geronimo Na Tuah Khak Ding Uh Kidawm Un ("Cuidado Geronimo"), ci den uh hi, kici hi. 'Geronimo' a khiatna in "Haam buaibuaipa" cihna hi kici hi.

I theihsa bangin America pen a om masa Native Americans, ahih kei leh Indians kici te tenna gam ahi hi. Mikangte a lut uh ciang tua a teeng masate mun leh gam suhsak uh a, a om masate tawh kido ngekngek uh hi. Tua minam masa lak ah Apache minam te pen galhang, mihat, thahat minam hi kici hi. Tua hangin tuhun ciang America in a gal vanleng lak ah Helicopter lauhhuai penpen leh a muan penpen uh 'Apache Helicopter' na ci liang uh hi. Galhang pahtawina hilo diam.

Apache minam te pen tu laitak in Oklahama, Texas leh Arizona state sungah teeng diak uh hi. Arizona ah bel amau tenna ding a kiciangtan tuam gam kipia a, midang kilut theilo, phalna la masa  lo in amau lak ah kizin theilo hi.

1. "Geronimo" Cih Deihlo: Apache minam te in tutung USA in 'gualpa Osama' code name dingin 'Geronimo' cih a zat uh deih lo uh a, a lungkimlohna uh gen uh hi. Banghang hiam cih leh Geronimo pen galhangpa hi a, gualpa pen 'mass murderer' hi, ci uh hi. Amau gel a kibanga genkhop pen Apache minam te in zadah uh hi.

US kumpi in bel Geronimo zahtaklohna hilo hi ciin hilhcian uh hi. Amau gel a kibang hi cihna hilo in amau gel hangsan leh nasep uh tawikhai nopna zong hipah tuanlo hi ci uh hi. Galsim ding ciangin code name pen khat peuhpeuh a kila ziauziau hizaw hi. Geronimo leh a minam Apache minamte zahtaklohna hang hilo hi,ci uh hi.

2. Obama Laikhak Uh: Apache minam makai Mr. Houser, OK in President Obama kiangah laikhak a, "ka galhang pa uh, ka minam sung vua ka zahtak mahmah uh tu in mi suam, mi thatpa khat tawh nong tehkaak sak uh ka ngaihsut uh ciang nong thusimlohna uh hiin ka ngaihsun uh hi," ci hi. "Ka mipihte lungsim nat ding zia hong theihpih le cin cih ka ut uh hi," ci hi.

3. Geronimo zong America Gal Lianpen Hi Ngei: Ama khan lai in Geronimo pen America te adingin a gal lauhhuai pen uh, a lauh pen uh, nawngkai a sak pen uh hi a, khe nuaia ling sut bangin noksak a sak uh ahi hi. Banghang hiam cih leh America te in gamkek nuam in a teeng masa Indians te gam zong laksak sawm uh hi. Tua ciangin Geronimo in hangsan tak, khauhtakin na lehdo zo ahih manin America luvai sak mahmah hi. America bek hilo, Mexico zong luvai sak mahmah hi. Amat zawh na dingin uh a hanciam uh a, ahi zongin a manzo pak kei uh hi. 1886 kum ngawngaw ciang America te in a manzo pan uh hi.

Oklahama khua a Fort Sill ah ki khum in kum 23 sung a kikhumcip zawh ciangin awmna neiin 1909 kumin leitung nusia ta hi.

Tuni dongin galkap sung leh naupangte hangsan ding a kisinsak uh ciang "Geronimo" ciin kiko masa uh hi, kici hi. Hangsan, kuhkal leh tup tintenna nei mite ettehpha suak ahi hi.

4. Black Hawk Helicopter Tawh Kisai Tawm: US Navy ading a tuam vilvel a kibawlsak UH-60 series kici pen galsim ding a haksa mahmah mun ah zat dingin a kibawl hi a ci pawl om hi. A thu thuk tampi genlo in a tuam vilvel deuhna pawlkhat bek gen leng hun inteh. Hih Mupivom banga khauhpai Helicopter pen radar in zong a mat theihloh ding, a niam mahmah leizul ah zong a leng thei ding, ut bangbang a nawhsa a kihei ziauziau thei dinga kibawl hi kici hi. A sik khauhna thautang in pailet zolo ding cihte pawl pen gen kullo in koih vet leng. A gin mahmah zong a kizalo dingin a mei ah a gin hupkang ding kibulh hi kici hi. Tua ciang a sik zong bangteng hel uh hidiam a huham phialphual tawh kibang kici hi.

Abbottabad khua a Osama huang sung a luh lai un zong amau mahmah in zong Helicopter hong leng hi cih a theih uh ciang ziakai luazo, kibu man nawnlo, kisel man nawnlo kici hi. Tua mah bangin amau inn vengte in zong thauging khekkhek bek za uh a, a tawpna ah helicopter kisia pen a kap khap uh ciang a ging ah innvengte khanglo pan hi kici hi. Tua zahta a ging ngaihlo, kidawma galsim thei hih tuak hi. Sihal or gam ui akgu tawh kibang leh kilawm hi.

Tutunga kizang pen UH-60M hi dingin ki um mawh hi. Utility Helicopter Modified cihnopna ahi mai tam. Tua pen bangtawh kibawl cih mite in a theihlohna dingin a nusiat ding pen uh zong Navy Seals te in kapkham in a neen teng zong pua uh a, ahi zongin kamsiat huai takin a mei tawng khat la manlo, mu kha lo in nusia kha uh hi. Pakistan te in tua meitawng panin bang siik nam kizang hiam, bangci kibawl hiam cihte kantel sawm uh hi. Military secret kitheihsak pen gal kido a kizawh sangin zong na a sak zawk uh cileng...

US in bel a hoihzaw, a thak dang khat bawl kik lel lo dia.

Hau Za Cin
Phuitong Liim

Osama bin Laden Sita: "A Kamtaipa Kimu Masa"

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9/11 zawh ciang Osama pen Bush in a kibukna Tora Bora ah luh in kapcip gawp napi pengkhia in taimang hi. Tua zawh koi ah om hiam cih kithei nawnlo hi. A hauzacinupmawhna vuah Afghanistan gam keen kawm, mual kawm ah kibu, galkapte in cing hi ding ciin ki ummawh hi. India in bel Penglam bangin, "Hilo ding hi, Pakistan ah om ding hi," ci ngitngut hi!

1. Kamtaipa Min Bang: Kum 10 val beisa hun ah mi gilo a kiman te lakah khat in Osama 'kamtai' (courier) pen amin hih hi, ciin US thukante kiangah na gen zo hi. Ahi zongin US thukante in Osama pen kimu lel ding hi, kiman pah lel ding hi cih kimuanna nei uh ahih manin tuapa thugen pen kinbawllo uh hi. Ahi zongin a upmawh uh bangin a mat paklo uh hi.

Tua ciang 9/11 siatna dinga chief planner Khalid Sheikh Mohammed leh Al-Qaeda operational chief Abu Faraj al-Libi kiangah tua min a dot uh leh, "ka thei ngei vet kei uh" ci pah lian uh hi. Thei ngeilo a cih uh ciang US thukante in ummawh deuhdeuh zaw uh hi. Hih mi nihte in zuau hong gen uh hiding hi cih um zawsop uh hi. Tuapa pen mi thupi ahih manin hih mi nihte in a theilo hong kineih hiding hi ci uh hi. Ahi zongin tuapa kua hi ding cih kan theihna ding lah omlo, bing bikbek hi.

Tua leh 2005 kum in CIA thukante in a thukanzia uh khek uh a, Pakistan leh Afghanistan ah CIA thukan mi a tamzaw sem koih uh a, lei zuut uh, bawhlung mang zong-a zong hong kipan uh hi. Tua banga a kanna uh pan in Osama 'kamtaipa' behmin, innkuan min hong thei khia uh hi. Tua ciang CIA thukante in National Security Agency (NSA) te kiangah 'hih pa in Pakistan sungah phone tawh kihopih a nei kha hiam cih na kan un" ciin vaikhak uh hi. A sawtlo in a kihona uh phone sungah na ngaihsimsak thei pah uh hi. Tuapa min Abu Ahmad hi a, Kuwait gam pan ahi hi.

2. Kamtaipa Koi Ah Kimu: Kum 5 sung limtak a zon zawh uh ciang July 2010 in CIA thukante ading nasem Pakistan mi khat in Pakistan  khuapi Peshawar khualaizangah Suzuki car khat a hawl mu hi. Tua zawh kha 4 sung a sulzuih khit uh ciang tua Suzuki mawtaw tawh Abbottabad khua inn huangsung khat ah lut hi. Tua lian pan CIA thukante in, "Oh, hih pen thupi kha ding hi. Osama teekteek omna inn zong hithei kha ding hi," ci uh hi.

3. Osama Inn: Keen kawm laka inn hoih kilam sungah kibu cip dinga a uppa uh a upna vuah omlo in hih inn dawl thum, inn huang leisek pi 15 a-sang tawh ki um ziau sungah teeng ahi tam maw kicita hi. Sikling tawh ki um a, CCTV camera zong kibulh kim hi.

Hih thu a theih ciang White House ah counter terrorism chief John Brennan in, "I gualpa i upmawhna keen kawm ah kibu lo in hua khuapi laizang mipi lak ah om hit hiat hikha ding hiveh aw," ci hi. Hih inn pen a kilam zawh kum 5 phazo a, USD million khat val beia kilam hi. Dawl thum pha a, dawl khempeuh leisek tawh ki umcip hi. A pua lam pan a kigalmuh hang a sunga teengte kimu theilo dinga kibawl ahi hi. Inn sungah inndei tampi om a, tuate pen van seel khempeuh a kiselcip theihna ding hih tuak hi. Inn sungah tengte in a nin peuhmah uh khuapi niin paihna ah pai ngeilo uh a, haltum pahpah uh hi, kici hi.

4. Veng leh Pam tawh Kizopna: Hih inn sungah tengte pen kuamah tawh kikhawllo, kiho tamlo hi kici hi. Ahang pen amau kuamah in theician kei leh cih ut uh hi kici hi. Innvengte in mopawi, sigalna khawngah pai dingin a zot uh hang zong kuamah pai ngeilo uh hi. Hau mahmah napi veng leh pam kiangah muamkhum zong hawm ngeilo, kuamah zong huh ngeilo uh hi ci uh hi. Van lei le uh zong mi 10 nek ding taang lei den uh a, ahi zongin a sungah teeng kimu pen mi 4 khawng bek hi kici hi. Innveng naupangte in Cricket a kimawl uh ciang amau huang sungah a bawhlung a tuk ciang lak ding phallo uh hi. Huang sunga bawhlung lak kik sangin a thak leina dingin Rupees 100 pia zaw den uh hi, ci hi. Tua in cricket ball 3 bang leizo a, naupangte in meet sa zaw uh hi. Pawlkhat bangin sum 100 deih man bekbek in cricket ball tuate huangsungah lawnto uh hi, ci uh hi.... meet bawl... khuak tai veve maw. Ahi zongin huang sung kuamah in mu ngeilo, kuamah lut ngeilo kici hi.

Innvengte theih dan ah amau pen Afghanistan pan mihau hong pem hi, ci uh hi. Haulua ahih manun mi tawh kitheih ding lauzaw ci uh hi. Innvengte upmawhna bel a sumbawlna uh 'van kham' hi ngel ding hi, tua mana mi tawh kikhawllo hi ding ci uh hi. Pawlkhat in lah biakna uk mi ahih man un biakna pia den uh hiding hi, ci uh hi.

Nipi khat sungin mawtaw hoih mahmah khat in Kel khat puak den a, tualo zong mawtaw mahmah vive inn huang sungah lut den hi, kici hi. Tua banga mawtaw a pai ciang mawtaw a lut khit lian leh kongkhak kikhak pahpah a, huangsung kuamah in mu man lo uh hi, kici hi. Hih inn lutna dingin kongvang 2 bek om a, a nih in kikhakcip den zaw hi.

5. President Obama Kihilh Ta: CIA thukante in Abbottabad ah Osama kamtaipa mawtaw tawh lut hi cih a theih uh ciang CIA Makaipi Director Leon Panetta in President Barack Obama kiangah hawh pah a, a thu a gen hi. Obama in thupi ngaihsut pah ahih manin a seppih Vice President Joe Biden, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton leh Defence Secretary Robert Gates sam pah in, kikumpah uh hi. Hih thu kithupi sim lua mahmah ahih manin a thei ding White House pan mi 4 te simloh CIA thukante bek in thei uh hi. Ahi zongin laidal leh email khawngah kigelhlo a, kam bek tawh kikum uh hitazen hi. Laidal tawh gelh ding khempeuh CIA thukante bek in kem ding ci uh hi.

CIA Director in a genna ah, "Kum tampi sikha zon bang hi mah leh thakhat thu in, 'wow, hiah om ei' cih bang himawk hi" ci hi. Ahi zongin tua inn sungah a gualpa uh Osam bin Laden a omtakpi hiam cih a thei hi tuan lo uh a, ahi zongin 'om kha mawk ding hi' cih lian mahmah hi.

6. Bangci Sittel Ding: Hih inn sungah gualpa Osama om takpi hi cih bangcih theih ding, bangci sittel ding. Director in Panetta in nawhsa in ki ensim henla, kitel pah leh cih ngaihsutna nei hi. A nuaia te in bel kum tampi i kankan thu pen nawhsa in hih mawk leng, hong ki encik hi cih theihna nei kha le uh i gualpa taimang ziau dinga, en bangcih nawn ding, ci uh hi. Tua ciangin vantunglam pan sattellite tawh maan zaih, tuate lemtuahtuah zel. Inn pan phone ging, kizopna a om hiam cih khawng ngai sim, omlo. Electronic van tawh kizopna peuhmah hih inn sung pan omlo hi cih a theih uh ciang lamdangsa, muangmawh semsem uh...lunglut semsem uh, lah kidawm semsem uh. A niin peuhmah uh innpua ah bualo, pailo, haltum den zaw cih a theih uh ciang semsem in lawp lua lei liangta hizen.

7. Kua'n Sim Ding, Bangci Sim Ding: Tu kum February 2011 taktak ciang CIA te in zong a thukan uh a deihzah uh ngah kisa pianta hiinteh, Director Panetta in Navy Vice Admiral McRaven sam a, ama zum CIA Headquarter ah hih thu  khempeuh a hilh dikdek hi. Mc Raven pen US Galkap te in galguk a sim ding khempeuh a makaipa a sep laitak hi (Pentagon Special Operations Command).

Galsim ding haksa mahmahte a gel detdet siampa McRaven nipi kal bangzah hiam a gelgel khit ciangin CIA director pa kiangah hong hawh kik a, galsim zia ding nam thum hong puak hi - Helicopter tawh US commando te in luh ding, B-2 stealth bomber tawh tua inn leh huangsung kapzan ding, leh Pakistan galkapte tawh sim khawm ding, cih ahi hi. Pakistan te bel galsim ding nai khat hun pawl in a simna ding mun leh a mi hilh pan ding ci uh hi.

8. Galsimzia Ding President Kiangah Kihilh Ta: CIA Director Panetta in galsiam McRaven gelna khempeuh tawi in White House a President pa kiang hong tunpih a, a en khawm uh hi. Satellite pan maan a ngah khempeuh uh en, a thukanna pan a thu zak khempeuh uh a gawmtuah uh ciang Osama omtakpi dinga, a zi naupang pen tawh om ding hi cih upna lian semsem hi. President thudotpi pawlkhat in galkap tawh luh lehang Pakistan kumpi heh kha ding hi, tu laitak i kizopna ahoih melloh tawh ci uh hi.

March 22, 2011 niin President Obama in a thudotpi teng sam khawm kik in amau ngaihsutna khempeuh a dong cian hi.

Robert Gates in bel Hellicopter tawh sim ding cih bel lauhhuai lua ding hi, hihkhelh baih mahmah ding, supna lian lua kha ding hi, tua manin smart bomb tawh i utna san linlian kap ziauziau leng hoihpen inteh ci hi. Ahi zongin ni 2, 3 zawh ciang a theite in smart bomb Kg. 907 a gik 32 tak kisam ding hi ci uh hi. Tua tawh kap mawk le uh kapzaan khin ding a, Osama om maw omlo bangci theih ding ci uh hi. "Lei kuak lianpi om lel dinga, Osama si maw silo cih kitheilo ding hi, a luang kimu lo ding hi," ci uh hi.

9. Navy Seals te Zat Ding Khentat Ta: A tawpna ah helicopter tawh sim ding hoihpen hi cih hong khentat ta uh hi. A sim dingin US Navy Seals te khentat uh a, a zingciangin training centre ah galsim ding dan kisinpah uh hi. Ahi zong in makaite in Navy Seals te kiangah a galsim ding uh, kua sim ding, bang hun in, koi ah, cih khat zong hilh vetlo uh hi; kisinsin phot himai hi. Abbottabad a inn huang tawh kibang bawl uh a, tua sung luh dan ding sun tawh zan tawh kisin ngekngek uh hi. Minute 30 a zawh dingin kisinsak giap uh hi. A siam mahmah khit uh ciangin a sim ding pa uh pen Osama bin Laden ahih lam leh a simna ding mun uh a hilhta uh hi.

10. Simta Ni: April 28, 2011 niin President Obama in a thudotpi teng samkhawm kik leuleu a, White House innpi sungah thu khentatna khat a bawlsawmta hi. Tua ni zingsang lamin Obama in a "Birth Certificate" mipi te muh theihdingin khahkhia masa hi. Ahang pen mihau Donald Trump in "I president pa pen USA ah piang takpi lo hi, a piang takpi leh a Birth Certificate mipite hong lak hen," ciin a nget man ahi hi. A khahkhiat khit ciang Obama in, "Hih bang haivai tawh kibuaibuai manlo hi" ci hi.

Panetta in, "CIA te in galsim ding ka kimanta uh hi. Galsimzia ding zong a hoih takpi ding hiam cih a encik lai ding mi ka deih uh hi. President in hong thukimpih thei tam," ci a, midang khempeuh in "thukimpih" a ci pah uh hi. President pa bek in a khentatna a gen nai kei hi.

Tua leh President pa khentatna i zak ma in, "hih khialh theih bangteng om" cih gen khawm ni ci uh a, a gen khawm leuleu uh hi. Nai tampi sung a kikup, a gen gen, a sitsit khit uh ciang President pa in, "Thu khentatna ka bawlma in, tu zan hong ngaihsun lai ning, zingsang ciang kimu kik ni," a ci hi. Amau angkawi ciat anglum bel dingin a zalna laikhun lam ciat uh a zuan phot uh hi.

A zingsang ciang a thudotpi teng na tung kim dimdiam uh a, President pa hong lut in, "Simta Ni" (its a go) a ci hi. Aban bel i theihsa...'tangthu' hita hi.

Hau Za Cin
Phuitong Liim

Biography of Nelson Mandela

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Early Years
Rolihlahla Mandela was born in Mvezo, a village near Mthatha in the Transkei, on July 18, 1918, to Nonqaphi Nosekeni and Henry Mgadla Mandela. His father was the principal councillor to the Acting Paramount Chief of the Thembu. Rolihlahla literally means “pulling the branch of a tree”. After his father’s death in 1927, the young Rolihlahla became the ward of Jongintaba Dalindyebo, the Paramount Chief, to be groomed to assume high office. Hearing the elder’s stories of his ancestor’s valour during the wars of resistance, he dreamed also of making his own contribution to the freedom struggle of his people.

After receiving a primary education at a local mission school, where he was given the name Nelson, he was sent to the Clarkebury Boarding Institute for his Junior Certificate and then to Healdtown, a Wesleyan secondary school of some repute, where he matriculated. He then enrolled at the University College of Fort Hare for the Bachelor of Arts Degree where he was elected onto the Students’ Representative Council. He was suspended from college for joining in a protest boycott, along with Oliver Tambo.

He and his cousin Justice ran away to Johannesburg to avoid arranged marriages and for a short period he worked as a mine policeman. Mr Mandela was introduced to Walter Sisulu in 1941 and it was Sisulu who arranged for him to do his articles at Lazar Sidelsky’s law firm. Completing his BA through the University of South Africa (Unisa) in 1942, he commenced study for his LLB shortly afterwards (though he left the University of the Witwatersrand without graduating in 1948). He entered politics in earnest while studying, and joined the African National Congress in 1943.

Despite his increasing political awareness and activities, Mr Mandela also had time for other things. “It was in the lounge of the Sisulu’s home that I met Evelyn Mase … She was a quiet, pretty girl from the countryside who did not seem over-awed by the comings and goings … Within a few months I had asked her to marry me, and she accepted.” They married in a civil ceremony at the Native Commissioner’s Court in Johannesburg, “for we could not afford a traditional wedding or feast”. Mase and Mr Mandela went on to have four children: Thembikile (1946), Makaziwe (1947), who died at nine months, Makgatho (1951) and Makaziwe (1954). The couple was divorced in 1958.

At the height of the Second World War, in 1944, a small group of young Africans who were members of the African National Congress, banded together under the leadership of Anton Lembede. Among them were William Nkomo, Sisulu, Oliver R Tambo, Ashby P Mda and Nelson Mandela. Starting out with 60 members, all of whom were residing around the Witwatersrand, these young people set themselves the formidable task of transforming the ANC into a more radical mass movement.

Their chief contention was that the political tactics of the “old guard” leadership of the ANC, reared in the tradition of constitutionalism and polite petitioning of the government of the day, were proving inadequate to the tasks of national emancipation. In opposition to the old guard, Lembede and his colleagues espoused a radical African nationalism grounded in the principle of national self-determination. In September 1944 they came together to found the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL).

Mandela soon impressed his peers by his disciplined work and consistent effort and was elected as the league’s National Secretary in 1948. By painstaking work, campaigning at the grass-roots and through its mouthpiece Inyaniso (“Truth”) the ANCYL was able to canvass support for its policies amongst the ANC membership.


Emerging as Leader

Spurred on by the victory of the National Party which won the 1948 all-white elections on the platform of apartheid, at the 1949 Annual Conference the Programme of Action, inspired by the Youth League, which advocated the weapons of boycott, strike, civil disobedience and non-co-operation, was accepted as official ANC policy.

The Programme of Action had been drawn up by a sub-committee of the ANCYL composed of David Bopape, Mda, Mr Mandela, James Njongwe, Sisulu and Tambo. To ensure its implementation, the membership replaced older leaders with a number of younger men. Sisulu, a founding member of the Youth League, was elected secretary-general. The conservative Dr AB Xuma lost the presidency to Dr JS Moroka, a man with a reputation for greater militancy. In December Mr Mandela himself was elected to the NEC at the National Conference.

When the ANC launched its Campaign for the Defiance of Unjust Laws in 1952, Mr Mandela, by then President of the Youth League, was elected National Volunteer-in-Chief. The Defiance Campaign was conceived as a mass civil disobedience campaign that would snowball from a core of selected volunteers to involve more and more ordinary people, culminating in mass defiance. Fulfilling his responsibility as Volunteer-in-Chief, Mr Mandela travelled the country organising resistance to discriminatory legislation. Charged, with Moroka, Sisulu and 17 others, and brought to trial for his role in the campaign, the court found that Mr Mandela and his co-accused had consistently advised their followers to adopt a peaceful course of action and to avoid all violence.

For his part in the Defiance Campaign, Mr Mandela was convicted of contravening the Suppression of Communism Act and given a suspended prison sentence. Shortly after the campaign ended, he was also prohibited from attending gatherings and confined to Johannesburg for six months.

During this period of restrictions, Mr Mandela wrote the attorneys admission examination and was admitted to the profession. He opened a practice in Johannesburg in August 1952, and in December, in partnership with Tambo, opened South Africa’s first black law firm in central Johannesburg. He says of himself during that time: “As an attorney, I could be rather flamboyant in court. I did not act as though I were a black man in a white man’s court, but as if everyone else – white and black – was a guest in my court. When presenting a case, I often made sweeping gestures and used high-flown language…. (and) used unorthodox tactics with witnesses.”

Their professional status didn’t earn Mr Mandela and Tambo any personal immunity from the brutal apartheid laws. They fell foul of the land segregation legislation, and the authorities demanded that they move their practice from the city to the back of beyond, as Mr Mandela later put it, “miles away from where clients could reach us during working hours. This was tantamount to asking us to abandon our legal practice, to give up the legal service of our people … No attorney worth his salt would easily agree to do that”. The partnership resolved to defy the law.

In 1953 Mr Mandela was given the responsibility to prepare a plan that would enable the leadership of the movement to maintain dynamic contact with its membership without recourse to public meetings. The objective was to prepare for the possibility that the ANC would, like the Communist Party, be declared illegal and to ensure that the organisation would be able to operate from underground. This was the M-Plan, named after him. “The plan was conceived with the best of intentions but it was instituted with only modest success and its adoption was never widespread.”

During the early fifties Mr Mandela played an important part in leading the resistance to the Western Areas removals, and to the introduction of Bantu Education. He also played a significant role in popularising the Freedom Charter, adopted by the Congress of the People in 1955. Having been banned again for two years in 1953, neither Mr Mandela nor Sisulu were able to attend but “we found a place at the edge of the crowd where we could observe without mixing in or being seen”.

During the whole of the ‘50s, Mr Mandela was the victim of various forms of repression. He was banned, arrested and imprisoned. A five year banning order was enforced against him in March 1956. “[But] this time my attitude towards my bans had changed radically. When I was first banned, I abided by the rules and regulations of my persecutors. I had now developed contempt for these restrictions … To allow my activities to be circumscribed my opponent was a form of defeat, and I resolved not to become my own jailer.”

Although Mr Mandela and Mase had effectively separated in 1955, it wasn’t until 1958 that they formally divorced – and shortly afterwards, in June, he was married to Nomzamo Winnie Mandela. Their first date was at an Indian restaurant near Mr Mandela’s office and he recalls that she was “dazzling, and even the fact that she had never before tasted curry and drank glass after glass of water to cool her palate only added to her charm … Winnie has laughingly told people that I never proposed to her, but I always told her that I asked her on our very first date and that I simply took it for granted from that day forward”.

Unlike his first marriage, the couple observed most of the traditional requirements, including payment of lobola, and were married in a local church in Bizana on June 14. There was no time (or money) for a honeymoon – Nelson had to appear in court for the continuing Treason Trial and anyway his banning order had only been relaxed for six days.


The Trials

In fact for much of the latter half of the decade, he was one of the 156 accused in the mammoth Treason Trial, at great cost to his legal practice and his political work, though he recalls that, during his incarceration in the Fort, the communal cell “became a kind of convention for far-flung freedom fighters”. After the Sharpeville Massacre on March 21. 1960, the ANC was outlawed, and Mr Mandela, still on trial, was detained, along with hundreds of others.

The Treason Trial collapsed in 1961 as South Africa was being steered towards the adoption of the republic constitution. With the ANC now illegal the leadership picked up the threads from its underground headquarters and Nelson Mandela emerged at this time as the leading figure in this new phase of struggle. Under the ANC’s inspiration, 1 400 delegates came together at an All-in African Conference in Pietermaritzburg during March 1961.

Mr Mandela was the keynote speaker. In an electrifying address he challenged the apartheid regime to convene a national convention, representative of all South Africans to thrash out a new constitution based on democratic principles. Failure to comply, he warned, would compel the majority (Blacks) to observe the forthcoming inauguration of the Republic with a mass general strike. He immediately went underground to lead the campaign. Although fewer answered the call than Mr Mandela had hoped, it attracted considerable support throughout the country. The government responded with the largest military mobilisation since the war, and the Republic was born in an atmosphere of fear and apprehension.

Forced to live apart from his family (and he and Winnie by now had two daughters, Zenani born in 1959 and Zindzi, born 1960) moving from place to place to evade detection by the government’s ubiquitous informers and police spies, Mr Mandela had to adopt a number of disguises. Sometimes dressed as a labourer, at other times as a chauffeur, his successful evasion of the police earned him the title of the Black Pimpernel.

He managed to travel around the country and stayed with numerous sympathisers – a family in Market Street central Johannesburg, in his comrade Wolfie Kodesh’s flat (where he insisted on running on-the-spot every day), in the servant’s quarters of a doctor’s house where he pretended to be a gardener, and on a sugar plantation in Natal. It was during this time that he, together with other leaders of the ANC, constituted a new section of the liberation movement, Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), as an armed nucleus with a view to preparing for armed struggle, with Mr Mandela as its commander in chief.

At the Rivonia Trial, Mr Mandela explained: “At the beginning of June 1961, after long and anxious assessment of the South African situation, I and some colleagues came to the conclusion that as violence in this country was inevitable, it would be wrong and unrealistic for African leaders to continue preaching peace and non-violence at a time when the government met our peaceful demands with force. It was only when all else had failed, when all channels of peaceful protest had been barred to us, that the decision was made to embark on violent forms of political struggle, and to form Umkhonto we Sizwe ... the Government had left us no other choice.”

In 1962 Mandela left the country, as ‘David Motsamayi’, and travelled abroad for several months. In Ethiopia he addressed the Conference of the Pan African Freedom Movement of East and Central Africa, and was warmly received by senior political leaders in several countries including Tanganyika, Senegal, Ghana and Sierra Leone. He also spent time in London where he managed to find time, with Oliver Tambo, to see the sights as well as to spend time with many exiled comrades. During this trip Mr Mandela met up with the first group of 21 MK recruits on their way to Addis Ababa for guerrilla training.


Prisoner 466/64

Not long after his return to South Africa Mr Mandela was arrested, on August 5, and charged with illegal exit from the country, and incitement to strike. He was in Natal at the time, passing through Howick on his way back to Johannesburg, posing again as David Motsamayi, now the driver of a white theatre director and MK member, Cecil Williams.

Since he considered the prosecution a trial of the aspirations of the African people, Mr Mandela decided to conduct his own defence. He applied for the recusal of the magistrate, on the ground that in such a prosecution a judiciary controlled entirely by whites was an interested party and therefore could not be impartial, and on the ground that he owed no duty to obey the laws of a white parliament, in which he was not represented. Mr Mandela prefaced this challenge with the affirmation: “I detest racialism, because I regard it as a barbaric thing, whether it comes from a black man or a white man.”

Mr Mandela was convicted and sentenced to five years imprisonment. He was transferred to Robben Island in May 1963 only to be brought back to Pretoria again in July. The authorities issued a statement to the press that this had been done to protect Mr Mandela from assault by PAC prisoners. “This was patently false; they had brought me back to Pretoria for their own motives, which soon became clear.” Not long afterwards he encountered Thomas Mashifane, the foreman from Liliesleaf Farm in Rivonia where MK had set up their HQ. He knew then that their hide-out had been discovered. A few days later he and 10 others were charged with sabotage.

The Rivonia Trial, as it came to be known, lasted eight months. Most of the accused stood up well to the prosecution, having made a collective decision that this was a political trial and that they would take the opportunity to make public their political beliefs. Three of the accused, Mr Mandela, Sisulu and Govan Mbeki also decided that, if they were given the death sentence, they would not appeal.

Mr Mandela’s statement in court during the trial is a classic in the history of the resistance to apartheid, and has been an inspiration to all who have opposed it. He ended with these words:

“I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”

All but two of the accused were found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment on June 12, 1964. The black prisoners were flown secretly to Robben Island immediately after the trial was over to begin serving their sentences.

Nelson Mandela’s time in prison, which amounted to almost 27 years, was marked by many small and large events which played a crucial part in shaping the personality and attitudes of the man who was to become the first President of a democratic South Africa. Many fellow prisoners and warders influenced him and he, in his turn, influenced them. While he was in jail his mother and son died, his wife was banned and subjected to continuous arrest and harassment, and the liberation movement was reduced to isolated groups of activists.

In March 1982, after 18 years, he was suddenly transferred to Pollsmoor Prison in Cape Town (with Sisulu, Raymond Mhlaba and Andrew Mlangeni) and in December 1988 he was moved to the Victor Verster Prison near Paarl, from where he was eventually released. While in prison, Mr Mandela flatly rejected offers made by his jailers for remission of sentence in exchange for accepting the bantustan policy by recognising the independence of the Transkei and agreeing to settle there. Again in the ‘80s Mr Mandela and others rejected an offer of release on condition that he renounce violence. Prisoners cannot enter into contracts – only free men can negotiate, he said.

Nevertheless Mr Mandela did initiate talks with the apartheid regime in 1985, when he wrote to Minister of Justice Kobie Coetsee. They first met later that year when Mr Mandela was hospitalised for prostate surgery. Shortly after this he was moved to a single cell at Pollsmoor and this gave Mr Mandela the chance to start a dialogue with the government – which took the form of ‘talks about talks’. Throughout this process, he was adamant that negotiations could only be carried out by the full ANC leadership. In time, a secret channel of communication would be set up whereby he could get messages to the ANC in Lusaka, but at the beginning he said: “I chose to tell no one what I was about to do. There are times when a leader must move out ahead of the flock, go off in a new direction, confident that he is leading his people in the right direction.”

Released on February 11, 1990, Mr Mandela plunged wholeheartedly into his life’s work, striving to attain the goals he and others had set out almost four decades earlier. In 1991, at the first national conference of the ANC held inside South Africa after being banned for decades, Nelson Mandela was elected President of the ANC while his lifelong friend and colleague, Oliver Tambo, became the organisation’s National Chairperson.


Negotiating Peace


In a life that symbolises the triumph of the human spirit, Nelson Mandela accepted the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize (along with FW de Klerk) on behalf of all South Africans who suffered and sacrificed so much to bring peace to our land.

The era of apartheid formally came to an end on the April 27, 1994, when Nelson Mandela voted for the first time in his life – along with his people. However, long before that date it had become clear, even before the start of negotiations at the World Trade Centre in Kempton Park, that the ANC was increasingly charting the future of South Africa.

Rolihlahla Nelson Dalibunga Mandela was inaugurated as President of a democratic South Africa on May 10, 1994. In his inauguration speech he said:

“We dedicate this day to all the heroes and heroines in this country and the rest of the world who sacrificed in many ways and surrendered their lives so that we could be free. Their dreams have become reality. Freedom is their reward. We are both humbled and elevated by the honour and privilege that you, the people of South Africa, have bestowed on us, as the first President of a united, democratic, non-racial and non-sexist government.

“We understand it still that there is no easy road to freedom. We know it well that none of us acting alone can achieve success. We must therefore act together as a united people, for national reconciliation, for nation building, for the birth of a new world. Let there be justice for all. Let there be peace for all. Let there be work, bread, water and salt for all. Let each know that for each the body, the mind and the soul have been freed to fulfil themselves. Never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another and suffer the indignity of being the skunk of the world. Let freedom reign.”

Mr Mandela stepped down in 1999 after one term as President – but for him there has been no real retirement. He set up three foundations bearing his name: The Nelson Mandela Foundation, The Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund and The Mandela-Rhodes Foundation. Until very recently his schedule has been relentless. But during this period he has had the love and support of his large family – including his wife Graça Machel, whom he married on his 80th birthday in 1998.

In April 2007 Mandla Mandela, grandson of Nelson and son of Makgatho Mandela who died in 2005, was installed as head of the Mvezo Traditional Council at an ubeko (“anointment”) ceremony at the Mvezo Great Place, the seat of the Madiba clan.

Nelson Mandela never wavered in his devotion to democracy, equality and learning. Despite terrible provocation, he has never answered racism with racism. His life has been an inspiration, in South Africa and throughout the world, to all who are oppressed and deprived, to all who are opposed to oppression and deprivation.

Source: www.nelsonmandela.org

Biography of Aye Aye Maw (UN ICT Staff)

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Growing up, I was destined to work in a family business owned by my parents, but I knew that was not my calling. I wanted to go out and explore the world, learn about other cultures and use my skills to support a greater cause. To achieve this, I chose to study English Language in university so I could communicate in the larger world community.

Then, I got married and moved to the United States in 2005. This provided a great opportunity to join the United Nations in New York - a childhood dream inspired by the third United Nations Secretary-General U Thant, who was from the former Burma which is now Myanmar.

In 2007, I passed the United Nations Administrative Support Assessment Test and got a job in the Information Management Section of the Department of Safety and Security. This Department is responsible for ensuring the safety of United Nations staff members across the world. We in the Unit are tasked with making sure that all United Nations communication equipment is operational around the clock.

As Information Management Assistant, I participate in all information communications technology related issues of the Department. I like this job because I get to work in a team and interact with people in several departments and locations. I provide support to both staff in my department as well as to other United Nations locations worldwide. Even on weekends, I check my email regularly, just in case a staff member on assignment in another country has an emergency and needs support.

My unit also supports all crisis communication within the department; it is a 24/7 operation. For instance, when there is a disaster anywhere in the world, and the Crisis Communication Centre of the Department is activated, I have to be part of the team to provide technical support which includes making sure that all communication devices such as satellite phones are working.

As a routine, I make sure all software applications and communication equipment such as personal computers, laptops, printers and blackberries are in good working condition. I also help staff with their email and network account problems.

My goal has always been to use my skills to make my small contribution towards a better world. United Nations staff members go to places that no one else can or is willing to go. And for me, the opportunity to be part of the team that is working to support the communication needs and ensuring the safety of those staff members who are working to support needy populations, is a source of great pride.

The last two years have also been a great learning experience for me. Everyday brings different challenges and I learn something new after solving each problem. I like to share the lessons learned with my colleagues. It is a great opportunity to acquire new skills. In the future, I would like to work for other departments and agencies.

Prior to joining the Organization, I was a General Manager at the Botanical Gardens in Myanmar. I worked with about 400 employees and played a major role in managing and maintaining the garden. Now, gardening is my hobby. I also like singing, although I do not know any tones or keys. My family members always stop me whenever I start singing. They say I should read lyrics instead of singing them.

My advice to prospective candidates is, never lose your passion and always be positive. Never give up and always allow yourself a second chance.

Nationality
Myanmar

Education
Bachelor’s Degree in English Language, Yangon University, Yangon, Myanmar

Languages
Myanmar, English
Source: careers.un.org

Biography of Barack Obama

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Barack Hussein Obama was born Aug. 4, 1961, in Honolulu, Hawaii. His father, Barack Obama, Sr., was born of Luo ethnicity in Nyanza Province, Kenya. He grew up herding goats with his own father, who was a domestic servant to the British. Although reared among Muslims, Obama, Sr., became an atheist at some point.

Obama's mother, Ann Dunham, grew up in Wichita, Kansas. Her father worked on oil rigs during the Depression. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, he signed up for service in World War II and marched across Europe in Patton's army. Dunham's mother went to work on a bomber assembly line. After the war, they studied on the G.I. Bill, bought a house through the Federal Housing Program, and moved to Hawaii.

Meantime, Barack's father had won a scholarship that allowed him to leave Kenya pursue his dreams in Hawaii. At the time of his birth, Obama's parents were students at the East–West Center of the University of Hawaii at Manoa.

Obama's parents separated when he was two years old and later divorced. Obama's father went to Harvard to pursue Ph.D. studies and then returned to Kenya.

His mother married Lolo Soetoro, another East–West Center student from Indonesia. In 1967, the family moved to Jakarta, where Obama's half-sister Maya Soetoro Ng was born. Obama attended schools in Jakarta, where classes were taught in the Indonesian language.

Four years later when Barack (commonly known throughout his early years as "Barry") was ten, he returned to Hawaii to live with his maternal grandparents, Madelyn and Stanley Dunham, and later his mother (who died of ovarian cancer in 1995).

He was enrolled in the fifth grade at the esteemed Punahou Academy, graduating with honors in 1979. He was only one of three black students at the school. This is where Obama first became conscious of racism and what it meant to be an African-American.

In his memoir, Obama described how he struggled to reconcile social perceptions of his multiracial heritage. He saw his biological father (who died in a 1982 car accident) only once (in 1971) after his parents divorced. And he admitted using alcohol, marijuana and cocaine during his teenage years.

After high school, Obama studied at Occidental College in Los Angeles for two years. He then transferred to Columbia University in New York, graduating in 1983 with a degree in political science.

After working at Business International Corporation (a company that provided international business information to corporate clients) and NYPIRG, Obama moved to Chicago in 1985. There, he worked as a community organizer with low-income residents in Chicago's Roseland community and the Altgeld Gardens public housing development on the city's South Side.

It was during this time that Obama, who said he "was not raised in a religious household," joined the Trinity United Church of Christ. He also visited relatives in Kenya, which included an emotional visit to the graves of his father and paternal grandfather.

Source: www.biography.com

Biography of Bill Gates

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William (Bill) H. Gates is chairman of Microsoft Corporation, the worldwide leader in software, services and solutions that help people and businesses realize their full potential.

On June 27, 2008, Gates transitioned out of a day-to-day role in the company to spend more time on his global health and education work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Gates continues to serve as Microsoft's chairman and as an advisor on key development projects. In June 2006, Ray Ozzie assumed Gates' previous title as chief software architect and oversees technical architecture and product oversight responsibilities at Microsoft. Craig Mundie assumed the new title of chief research and strategy officer at Microsoft and is responsible for the company's research and incubation efforts.

Born on Oct. 28, 1955, Gates grew up in Seattle with his two sisters. Their father, William H. Gates II, is a Seattle attorney. Their late mother, Mary Gates, was a schoolteacher, University of Washington regent, and chairwoman of United Way International.

Gates attended public elementary school and the private Lakeside School. There, he discovered his interest in software and began programming computers at age 13.

In 1973, Gates entered Harvard University as a freshman, where he lived down the hall from Steve Ballmer, now Microsoft's chief executive officer. While at Harvard, Gates developed a version of the programming language BASIC for the first microcomputer - the MITS Altair.

In his junior year, Gates left Harvard to devote his energies to Microsoft, a company he had begun in 1975 with his childhood friend Paul Allen. Guided by a belief that the computer would be a valuable tool on every office desktop and in every home, they began developing software for personal computers. Gates' foresight and his vision for personal computing have been central to the success of Microsoft and the software industry.

Under Gates' leadership, Microsoft's mission has been to continually advance and improve software technology, and to make it easier, more cost-effective and more enjoyable for people to use computers. The company is committed to a long-term view, reflected in its industry-leading investment in research and development each year.

In 1999, Gates wrote "Business @ the Speed of Thought", a book that shows how computer technology can solve business problems in fundamentally new ways. The book was published in 25 languages and is available in more than 60 countries. "Business @ the Speed of Thought" has received wide critical acclaim, and was listed on the best-seller lists of the "New York Times", "USA Today", "The Wall Street Journal" and on Amazon.com. Gates' previous book, "The Road Ahead", published in 1995, was at the top of the "New York Times" bestseller list for seven weeks.

Gates has donated the proceeds of both books to non-profit organizations that support the use of technology in education and skills development.

In addition to his love of computers and software, Gates founded Corbis, which is developing one of the world's largest resources of visual information - a comprehensive digital archive of art and photography from public and private collections around the globe. He is also a member of the board of directors of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., which invests in companies engaged in diverse business activities.

Philanthropy is very important to Gates. He and his wife, Melinda, started a foundation in 2000 to help reduce inequities in the United States and around the world. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation supports philanthropic initiatives in the areas of global health and learning, with the hope that in the 21st century, advances in these critical areas will be available for all people. To learn more about the foundation, visit www.gatesfoundation.org.

Gates was married on Jan. 1, 1994, to Melinda French Gates. They have three children. Gates is an avid reader, and enjoys playing golf, tennis and bridge.

Source: www.microsoft.com/billgates

Biography of Jackie Chan

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Jackie Chan was born in Hong Kong on April 7th, 1954. His parents, Charles and Lee-lee Chan named him Chan Kong-sang which means "born in Hong Kong." Jackie weighed 12 pounds when he was born and his mother required surgery to deliver him. Jackie's parents were so poor that they had to borrow money from friends to pay the doctor.

Although Jackie's parents were poor, they had steady jobs at the French embassy in Hong Kong. Charles was a cook and Lee-lee was a housekeeper. Together, the Chan family lived on Victoria Peak in Hong Kong. When Jackie was young, his father would wake him early in the morning and together they would practice kung fu. Charles Chan believed that learning kung fu would help build Jackie's character, teaching him patience, strength, and courage.

When Jackie was seven years old Charles took a job as the head cook at the American embassy in Australia. He felt that it would be best for Jackie to stay behind in Hong Kong to learn a skill and so enrolled him in the China Drama Academy where Jackie would live for the next 10 years of his life.

During Jackie's time at the school, he learned martial arts, acrobatics, singing, and acting. The school was meant to prepare boys for a life in the Peking Opera. Chinese opera was very different from any other kind of opera. It included singing, tumbling, and acrobatics as well as martial arts skills and acting. Students at the school were severely disciplined and were beaten if they disobeyed or made mistakes. It was a very harsh and difficult life but Jackie had nowhere else to go, so he stayed. He rarely saw his parents for many years.

While at the China Academy, Jackie made his acting debut at age eight in the Cantonese movie "Seven Little Valiant Fighters: Big and Little Wong Tin Bar." He later teamed with other opera students in a performance group called "The Seven Little Fortunes." Fellow actors Sammo Hung and Yuen Biao were also members. Years later the three would work together and become known as The Three Brothers. As Jackie got older he worked as a stuntman and an extra in the Hong Kong film industry.

When Jackie was 17, he graduated from the China Drama Academy. Unfortunately the Chinese opera was no longer very popular, so Jackie and his classmates had to find other work. This was difficult because at the school they were never taught how to read or write. The only work available to them was unskilled labor or stunt work. Each year many movies were made in Hong Kong and there was always a need for young, strong stuntmen. Jackie was extraordinarily athletic and inventive, and soon gained a reputation for being fearless; Jackie Chan would try anything. Soon he was in demand.

Over the next few years, Jackie worked as a stuntman, but when the Hong Kong movie industry began to fail, he was forced to go to Australia to live with his parents. He worked in a restaurant and on a construction site. It was there that he got the name "Jackie." A worker named Jack had trouble pronouncing "Kong-sang" and started calling Jackie "little Jack." That soon became “Jackie” and the name stuck.

Jackie was very unhappy in Australia. The construction work was difficult and boring. His salvation came in the form of a telegram from a man named Willie Chan. Willie Chan worked in the Hong Kong movie industry and was looking for someone to star in a new movie being made by Lo Wei, a famous Hong Kong producer/director. Willie had seen Jackie at work as a stuntman and had been impressed. Jackie called Willie and they talked. Jackie didn't know it but Willie would end up becoming his best friend and manager. Soon Jackie was on his way back to Hong Kong to star in "New Fist of Fury." It was 1976 and Jackie Chan was 21 years old.

Once Jackie got back to Hong Kong, Willie Chan took control over Jackie's career. To this day Jackie is quick to point out that he owes his success to Willie. However, the movies that Jackie made for Lo Wei were not very successful. The problem was that Jackie's talents were not being used properly. It was only when Jackie was able to contribute his own ideas that he became a star. He brought humor to martial arts movies; his first success was "Snake in Eagle's Shadow." This was followed by "Drunken Master" (another blockbuster) and Jackie's first ever directing job, "Fearless Hyena." All were big hits.

Jackie was becoming a huge success in Asia. Unfortunately, it would be many years before the same could be said of his popularity in America. After a series of lukewarm receptions in the U.S., mostly due to miscasting, Jackie left the States and focused his attention on making movies in Hong Kong. It would be 10 years before he returned to make Rumble in the Bronx, the movie that introduced Jackie to American audiences and secured him a place in their hearts (and their box office). Rumble was followed by the Rush Hour and Shanghai Noon series which put Jackie on the Hollywood A List.

Despite his Hollywood successes, Jackie became frustrated by the lack of varied roles for Asian actors and his own inability to control certain aspects of the filming in America. He continued to try, however, making The Tuxedo, The Medallion, and Around the World in 80 Days, none of which was the blockbuster that Rush Hour or Shanghai Noon had been.

Jackie's lifelong devotion to fitness has served him well as he continues to do stunt work and action sequences in his films. In recent years, Jackie's focus has shifted and he is trying new genres of film – fantasy, drama, romance – and is spending more and more time on his charity work. He takes his work as Ambassador for UNICEF/UNAIDS very seriously and spends all his spare time working tirelessly for children, the elderly, and those in need. He continues to make films in Hong Kong, including the blockbuster drama New Police Story in 2004.

Source: www.jackiechan.com