Zam Thang Samte

1800-1948 KIKAL ZOGAM TANGTHU-2

Pu Pum Za Mang Ukpi Sepna

Ukpipa Hau Cin Khup cidam nawnlo a hih manin ukpi za a tapa Pum Za Mang tungah apnuam a, Chin Hills District, Deputy Commissioner W.R. Head kiangah ngetna lai khia hi. 1926 kumi Pu Pum Za Mang kum 32 phak laitak 1926 a kipanin Ukpi sem hi. Pu Hau Cin Khup kumzawnin hun sawtpi lupna tung ngakin om a, September 10, 1934 zingsang nai 7:00 in Pu Hau Cin Khup (kum 60), Tonzang innpi ah si hi. A sih in sial 74, lawi 11, bawng 18, sakol 2, a vekpi in gan 105 kawsah nei hi.

Ukpi Pu Pum Za Mang in 1917 kumin Thangkhal haupa Pu Za Tual (Sukte) tanu Cing Khaw Lian tawh kiteng a, a kumkik ciangin ta nei manlo in sihsan hi. 1920 kumin Saklam a Kangkap Hausa Pu Mang Cin Lian tanu Ciin Khaw Man tawh kiteng a, ta 8; Khup Khen Kham, Sian Lian Pau, Khup Do Dal, Pau Kap Thang, Kham Za Dal, Niang Khaw Man, Ciin Khan Cing leh Cing Lun Niang te a nei hi. Pu Pum Za Mang zi pen kha 7 sung a en nuamte a dingin hun beisak uh hi. Tua ciangin Pi Ciin Khaw Man in la phuak a;

(a) Hong en ve vua, hong en ve vua,

Luntawi phual ngo hing e.

(b) Luntawi phual ngo hing aw e,

N nuai dot Lunmang hing e.

Ukpi te khual a zin uh ciangin sakol tung tuangin zin uh a, Pi Ciin Khaw Man pen sakol tung tuang theilo ahih manin tal in a zawng uh hi. Tonzang innpi a tunkik uh ciangin khua kim khuapam a hausate, upate leh mipi te in nasia takin dawn uh hi.

Pu Kam Hau in a tate siah a kaihsa na a hi; Thangkhal, Gamngai, Mawngken, leh Ngennung khua hausa te siahkaih teng Mikang kumpi in phiat sak a, tang seu khat leh saliang te zong Pu Pum Za Mang in siah a kai hi. Guite kual hausa te siahkaih teng zong phiat sak a, kum thum ciang sialpi khat ta Sial siah, sa liang siah leh tangsiah te zong a pia uh hi.

Khua dang a pemte in a inn te uh zuak theilo a, ukpipa Pu Pum Za Mang in a tang hi. 1937 kum a kipanin khual khua a pemte in a inn tangin Rs. 750 pu Pum Za Mang pia uh a, a zuak nuamte in zuak thei uh hi. Logam pen hausa te in a neilo te pia uh hi.

Siahkiamna leh Sila a beina

Sila beina ding leh Siahtung siahphei a kiamna ding pen Britist Yangon governor in 1929 kumin thu bawl khin zo hina pi in 1934 kumin Pu Hau Cin Khup a sih ciangin kizang thei pan hi.

December 10,1934 in Yangon governor in, khua hausa te in saliang leh tangseu a lak te uh a kimkhat khiam uh henla, Innpipa pu Pum Za Mang piakhin uh hen, cih order suah uh hi.

May 12, 1937 in Ukpipa Pu Pum Za Mang leh a lai at Pu Vungh Za Kham te Yangon ah pai uh a, Yangon governor pa kiangah a order suah vai a nget phat kik uh a, Governor in ka thusuah sa kidok kik thei nawnlo hi, ci a, ukpipa Pu Pum Za Mang kumsim Rs. 2000 piak dingin gen a, Rs. 2000 pia pah hi.

August 5, 1937 in Ysngon panin Tonzang innpi tung uh a, lamkal ah Sangai khat man uh hi. Rs. 2000 leh Sangai mat lungdamkohna Pawl lianpi khat bawl a, sial 75, bawng 50 leh kel 100 go uh hi.

1937 kumin Yangon Governor panin pu Pum Za Mang kiangah mipi te a dingin a lungdam huai mahmah thu tung hi. Tua pen siah nam 9 lak pan nam 7 bei a, an bung khat leh gamsa liang khat bek kikai sakna ding leh Sila bei ding a, sila te kitan thei ding hi. Sila a gol pen te Rs. 50, sila nautang te Rs.25, Sasan (Sabak) tawh to a kaite Rs.10 tawh kitan ding hi. Sialpi khat Rs.25 in seh sak a, taubel khap-9 khat pen Rs.25 in kitan sak hi.

Galpi nihna sung Zogam a thupiang te
Galpi khatna pen

Galpi khatna apian ma pek in Manipur, Lushai Hills leh Chin Hills ah British galkap te lut khin uh hi. July 28,1914 pan November 11, 1918 dong kum 4 val galpi khat na piang a, Chin Labour Coup mi 1033 te 1917 kumin Tedim panin dingkhia uh a, 1918 kumin hong tung kik uh hi. Kam Hau gam ukpi Pu Khaw Cin Zam, Pu Hau Cin Khup leh Pu Pum Za Mang hun sung tengin Zogam ah British te hong ukin om den uh hi. Tua hun sungin Chin Hills Division pen Sukte gam, Kam Hau gam, Sihzang gam leh Zahau gam in kikhen hi.

Leitung galpi nihna pen Sep 1, 1939 pan Sep 2, 1945 dong kum 6 sung sawt a, Chin Hills Division sungah zong Japan te 1941 kumin Yangon tung uh a, 1942 kum June kha in Kalaymyo tung uh hi.

Tua hun laitak in ukpipa Pu Pum Za Mang dam mello in Yangon ah zato kilak dingin a lai-at Pu Vungh Za Kham tawh Yangon ah October 20, 1941 in tung uh hi. October 25, 1941 in Yangon, Mingladon a Bo. Kham Khual te innah Zomi Civil leh galkapbu te thu kikum uh a, Japan te huh dingin thukim uh hi. Chin Hills Commissioner, Mikangte in Pu Pum Za Mang in Japan te a huh dingin muangmawh a hih manin inn lam ciah dingin vaikhakkhak a, 1941 kum December kha in ciahto uh hi.

December 7, 1941 in Japan te in USA te galvan koihna phualpi Hawaii gam a Pearl Harbour tuikulh sim gawp uh a, British leh China te in Kalamyo nusia in Chin Hills lamah hong kahto uh a, India gam lam zuanzuan ta uh hi. Tua ciangin British te a huh Chin Battalion te zong lungkia mahmah uh hi. March 8, 1942 in Japan te in Yangon la uh hi.

Ukpipa Pu Pum Za Mang in Catholic Siampi Tun Yin kamtai dingin sawl a, laipua sak hi.

(1) Japan te in na mat uh Myitkyina Battallion, Burma rifle sung a om Chin galkapte leh battallion khat peuhpeuh sung a na mat uh Chin te thunung thuma omlo in khah khia ding,

(2) Japan te in ka mite numei leh pasal thulian lua hang a hih kei leh mawk bawlsiat loh ding,

(3) Gal sung a misi te, vansiate leh innsia te a sum in compensate pia ding

(4) Japan te in British te khut sung pan India suahtakna a ngah pih khit ciang Chin Hills zong Independent pia ding, cih te a hi hi.

Japan te in Pu Pum Za Mang ngetna thukim uh a, a mimat teng khah pah uh hi. Chin Hills Dividion Tedim SDO N.W. Kelly O.B.E in Sukte leh Sihzang ukpi te kiangah Japan te a nang dingin Levy ngen hi. April 25-27, 1942 sung Tedim ah kikum uh a, Chin Levy phut pah uh hi. Chin Levy A leh B in kikhen a, Chin Levy A pen gamkuan a gal nawk ding pawl hi a, Chin Levy B pen a mau khua ciat ah amau thau tek tawh, khua khat leh khua khat kikal a hung ding te a hi uh hi. Pu Pum Za Mang in ama ukna gam sung a hausa te, upate leh makaite khempeuh Tedim ah sam a, Chin Levy zom tek dingin a thei sak hi.

Chin Hills leh Burma gamgi ah Chin Levy te leh Japan te nakpi takin kido uh a, Leisan mual kidona ah Japan te tampi that in 150 liam uh hi. Tonzang ah, Singgial mualdung tengah anne manlo liangin kido uh hi. Kalaymyo pan Japan te in vanleng tawh kap in leilam pan thaupi tawh kap uh a, March 13, 1944 in Tedim panin British galkapte kihemkhia uh a, Imphal lam zuan uh hi. Japan te in Tedim, Tonzang, Singgial, Pallian, Chindwin gunpi dung tawnin Tamu lam pan zong nawkto uh hi.

Mikang galkap 17th Division te in Cikha ah (tai 82 na) phualpi nei uh a, vanleng neute a tukna dingin vanleng tualpi khat bawl uh hi. Tuikhiang, Nakzang, Tonzang, Sialciam (Tonzang khuakhung), Tuiha (tai 144 na) te ah galkap tampi koih uh a, Tedim Lawibual pen Brigade headquarters dingin nei uh hi. Thangpi (Fortwhite) pen a ngeina mah in galkap phualpi dingin zang uh hi. Southeast Asia Commander General Lord Louis Mountbatten pen Imphal panin mawtaw tawh Tedim pai a, galvanleng nih in lampi tawntung ah cing hi. Tedim Brigade Headquarters ah zankhat tam a, Imphal ah ciah kik hi.

Japan te hong hat semsem uh a, Chin Hills pan Mikang galkapte kihemkhia uh a, British galkapte in November 9, 1943 in Falam nusia uh a, March 13, 1944 in Tedim nusia uh a, March 19, 1944 in Tedim la uh hi.

Zomi te in Mikang te muang mahmah uh a, Japan te in a zawh ding uh umvetlo uh hi. Tua laitak in Mikang te in India gamah galtai nuam te a dingin Tonzang tualpi dim takin mawtawpi koih uh a, kuamah tuanglo uh hi. Japan te in Thangpi lam nawklo in Bunglung (Yazagyo), Phaidim lam tawnin Ngeisok bawk mual outpost la uh a, Mikang galkap 5 man uh a, Khamzang khuataw ah that uh hi.

March 13, 1944 in Tonzang khua khung Sialciam ah Mikang te tawh kido uh hi. March 13, 1944 in Falam lam pan a pai Japan te in Tuikhiang leh Singgial ah Mangkangte na khaktan uh a, Tamu pan hong pai Japan te in Lennakot pan Bizang gun lei kanin Cikha na tung uh hi. Japan te in Tonzang a om pasal khempeuh Sing-at khuataw lui Likhan lui dong van puasak uh hi. Tonzang Buzung leh Sanginnpi sikkangte phelkhia sak a, Tuikhiang dong puasak uh hi.

Tonzang ah Japan te a om sungin Mikang te in galvanleng 2, venlengneu-6, vanlengpi 12 tawh nisim phial in bomb khiat khiat uh a, inn tampi kang a, a kanglo te zong belhtheih tuanlo a, Tonzang te gim mahmah uh hi. Tuitum, Mualkawi, Sianggial, Kansau leh Cikha te zong gim mahmah uh hi. Mikang te in Nakzang a nusiat uh ciangin Nakzang sikleipi leh Lungsan sikleipi te thaupi tawh kaptan uh a, gungal lam tawh thu kizakna om thei pak nawnlo hi.

Japan te in Imphal leh Naga khuapi Kohima la dingin nawt to suak uh a, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines kim a tuipi tungah USA leh a pawlte in Japan te nakpi takin do uh a, Japan te in lel zel uh ahih manin Manipur lama Japan galkapte kiangah galvan leh ration supply zo nawnlo uh hi. Tua ahih manin Imphal leh Kohima la zolo in 1944 kum August kha in Chin Hills lamah Japan te nungkik uh hi.

Ukpipa Pu Pum Za Mang in Pu Kam Za Nang, Pu Kai Za Thang, Pu En Khaw Vung leh Pu Vungh Kam te gungal pai sak in Gamlai phualpi in nei sak hi. Tua te in Japan te omna teng hilh uh a,Mikangte in bomb khiat in Machine gun tawh Japan te kap uh a, Japan te thanem semsem uh hi.

Chin Defence Army

Japan te in khua hausa upate sam sak a, a pailo peuhpeuh ngawngtan a hi hi. Kum tampi hong uk Mikang te kong hawlkhiat sak uh a, suaktakna na ngah ta uh hi. Na khantohna dingun nakpi takin na hong sem ding hi ung, hong langpan peuhpeuh na ngawng uh hong kitan ding hi, Chin Defence Army (CDA) na phut un, ci hi.

1942 kum June kha in Japan Commissioner Lt. Gen. Inada leh Pu Pum Za Mang te in CDA kiphut a, Japanese M. Hachita pen District Administration Officer (DAO) dingin seh hi. Pu Pum Za Mang sanggampa Pu Lian Cin Thang, Pu Vum Khaw Hau, Pu Pau Za Kam, Pu Khai Mun Mang a kipan CDA makai sehpah uh hi.

1944 kum June 5-10 sung Japan Inada in hausate leh makaite sam khawm a, Inada (Za Biak) in Japan te langpang a, England kumpi tawh a kipawl mithum gungal ah mi thum om a, a thu a kikan san laitak a hi hi. Gungal khua te pen thau leh sakol khempeuh June 14, 1944 ma in Tedim.hong pua ding uh a, hong puaklo te ngawntan hi ding hi, cih thu gen hi.

Sukte Independent Army

Gungal a mithum a cih te pen Sukte gungal nisuahna lamah Pu Thawng Za Khup leh Pu Thuam Za Mang, Sukte gungal nitumna lamah Pu Hau Za Lian te a hi uh hi. June 14, 1944 in Heilei khua ah gungal a thau nei teng leh sakol nei teng tawh thu kikum uh a, thahlup ding ih ngak sangin Sakol leh thau puaklo in do zaw ni, ci in thukim uh hi. July 11, 1944 in Heilei khua ah kikum kik uh a, "Free Chin Movement" cih min phuak uh hi. September 1, 1944 in Takzang camp ah thu kikum kik uh a, Free Chin Movement pen Sukte Independent Army cih tawh laih uh hi.

September 1, 1944 in Mikang te in Chin Hills lam ah lut kik dingin Imphal panin Indian Army 5th Division tawh galtai Zomi 12 te lamhilh dingin zang in hong kilehkik uh hi.

September 14, 1944 in Tedim uk Japan Inada leh Japan galkapte 15 tawh CDA 30 tawh Mualbem ah pai uh a, S.I.A te in delh uh a, Mualbem khua umcih uh hi. Japan te tawh kikap uh a, khat kap lum in Japan Inada man uh a, September 15, 1944 in CDA 30 te zong man khin uh hi. Tua Japan bupa Za Biak pen Mualbem pan Heilei ah puak uh a, Heilei pan India gam Hoshiarpur a omb17th Brigade pa kiangah puak uh hi.

S.I.A te in Mualbem ukpipa Pu Thuam Za Mang innpi phualpi in nei uh a, Japan uk sung a om CDA te Mualbem ukpipa Pu Thuam Za Mang innpi a S.I.A te kiangah ki-ap khin ding thu zasak uh hi. Tua ciangin Limkhai, Vangteh, Suahlim, Lawibual, Saizang leh Khuano khua te pan CDA te Mualbem ah ki ap ziahziah uh a, S.I.A galkap hi pahpah uh hi.

S.I.A te khen-4 kisuah uh a, September 15 pan October 14, 1944 dong kha khat sung Japan te omna; Saizang, Lailo, Khumvum (Vangteh gam), Phun-om, Thangnuai, Dolluang, Khumlumual, Thang-ngal, Zawngkong, Phaiphek, Lamzang, Phaileng, Suahlim cih te sim kawikawi uh hi. A nunungpen ah Japan te phualpi a hi; Tungvum leh Sakhiang te October 14, 1944 sim uh a, zo mang uh hi.

November 27, 1944 in Tedim, Fortwhite ah British Lt.Col. Warrin, Major Franklin te in Western Chin Levy te leh S.I.A te sam uh a, tavuan apna kinei uh hi. Takzang camp pan June 22-Novrmber 27 kikal S.I.A galkapte leh September 15- November 27, 1944 dong a semte pahtawina certificate pia uh hi.

Japan te in Tonzang a lak uh ciangin Kam Hau gam tangin Japan te tawh kilemna thu a gen dingin Pu Hau Cin Khup leh Pi Vung Khaw Man te tapa 4 na Pu Lian Cin Thang zang uh hi. Japan te tawh thukimna bawl in Chin Defence Army phut uh a, Pu Lian Cin Thang makaipi khat in koih a, Mualbem ah om sak hi.

Japan te kiang pan British galkapte a nungkik lai un a tai manlo khat Seitual khua ah om hi. Japan te in Pu Lian Cin Thang, Pu Kham En, Pu Kam Za Vungh leh CDA galkapte delh sak a, kaplum uh hi. Japan te nungkik in Makangte a nai uh ciangin Pu Lian Cin Thang, Pu Kham En, Pu Kam Za Vungh te Champhai a Mangkang te kiangah kipia uh hi. Champhai pan Silchar ah, Guwahati ah, Imphal ah, Tedim ah, Falam ah, Kalewa ah, Monywa thong te ah kipuak in, khantawn thongkia dingin thu kikhen uh hi.

Tua hun sungin Falam khua ah ukpi teng kikhopna khat om a, Pu Pum Za Mang in Falam ukpi, Hakha ukpi te zawn a, Mangkang te kiangah Japan te thupiak hi. Thupiak bangin gamta kei le uh amau kithat ding hi, ci in genpih uh a, kum 20 thongkia dingin khiam suk sak uh hi. Pu Hau Cin Pau in Yangon ah appeal hih leuleu a, kum 15 khiam in kum 5 bek thongkia hi. Monywa thong sung panin Pu Lian Cin Thang in a sangkahpih Bogyoke Aung San laikhak a, Aung San in a lawmpa Thakin Thein Pe pai sak a, Monywa thong ukpa kimu a, thong panin suakta hi.

Japan gal a ven khit ciangin gal sung a kizang mawtaw a lian a neu tampi tak Nakzang camp, Tuikhiang camp, Cikha camp, Kansau khua leh mun tuamtuam ah kinusia zihziah hi. Tua camp te ah a ut ut pai in nektheih, dawn theih, zanpuan, siksia a kipan a deih deih uh la in, khawm in nawnkhia zishziah uh hi.

Khuabem te Lut Thual in mawtaw te na kaikhawm a, Imphal panin Meitei te mawtaw hawl thei leh a bawlthei pai uh a, Lut Thual tung pan lei uh a, Meitei te leh Lut Thual in hauh lawh uh hi.

Eimi te in mawtaw te akgil ding peuh in zang uh a, mawtaw peite lakhia in mualdawn ah puato in khuk suk a, muhnop sa mahmah in sun thapai in hun zang uh hi. Phutphut a ki ci motorcycle te a tuat uh leh a ging ciangin lau uh a, saupipi tai uh hi. Mawtaw hoihlai te cimphawnna in phel uh a, a vante kem uh hi. Mawtaw sikte tu le hei in sek uh hi.

British te in gambup ah Japan te zo uh a, British khut sungah om kik in Pu Pum Za Mang in ukpi mah sem kik hi. Bogyoke Aung San makai in Burma in Independent ngah ding cih thu kiza za ta hi. Tedim Subdivision Officer . West in Tonzang innpi ah meeting khat sam a, Burma pen council tawh ki uk ta ding a hih manin no gam no kaih sung panin council nasemte a dingin bangzah khiat zo ding na hi uh hiam, a cih leh hausa te in bangmah zah khiat zo kei nung, ci uh hi.

Kawlgam bupkikhop a om ma in British te in, no mual tungmite tei nai hetlo na hih manun Major Stevenson tawh vaikhawm khawm in hong uk le ung, na ut hiam, a cih leh Pu Pum Za Mang in, hong kikum phot nung, ci hi. Mual tung mite kamkupna ah Pu Pum Za Mang in tua thu gen in kikum uh a, Kawlte khutnuai ah om sangin ut zaw mah hang, ci in thukim uh hi.

England Prime Minister Clement Atlee in Burma tawh kiton in mual tung mite zong Independent piak dingin gen hi. Tua thu pen October 17, 1946 in City Hall ah Yangon Governor R.D Smith in a pulak ngiat a hi hi.

Tua ciangin Bogyoke Aung San in mual tung mi a hi; Chin, Shan, Kachin leh Karen te kiangah Burma Independent ngahna dingun hong huh un. Banghangin England kumpi hong khemna um na hi uh hiam? Eite in vaihawm khawm in,ngun-kuang kham-kuang sawk khawm leng nekledawn a kibangin nekhawm dawn khawm ding hihang, ci in ukpi te leh hausa te a zawhna dingin kei zong mualtung mi Chin ka hihi, ci lai hi.

Tua ciangin February 12, 1947 in Panglong conference sam a, Burma Prime Minister ding pen kikhek kual ding hihang, ci in thukimna bawl uh a, Panglong Agreement, ki ci hi.

July 19, 1947 in Bogyoke Aung San leh Cabinet Minister 6 tawh kikap lum hi. Panglong Agreement bawl makaipipa kikap lum mah leh mual tung mi ukpi te in thukikupna nei nawn tuanlo in Kawlte pummuan uh a, Bogyoke Aung San tangin U Nu, England ah pai a, mual tung mite zong Burma gam sungah om ding ut mahmah uh hi, thukim uh hi, Panglong Agreement ka bawl uh hi, ci in Enland Prime Minister Clement Atlee lak a, tua zah a ut tak na hi uh tak in ci in October 17, 1947 in U Nu-Atlee Treaty agreement bawl pih hi. January 4, 1948 in British te kiang panin Burma in Independent ngah a, Zomi te Kawl te khut sungah ih lut ni a hi hi.

British te in Burma a nusiat ding uh ciangin a vui a tang a kipan galvan khempeuh Col. Lian Cin Zam khut ah ap uh a, Col. Dal Za Kam in Col. Lian Cin Zam a huh hi. Tua hun lai in 1st Chin Battalion, 2nd Chin Battalion, 3rd Chin Battalion, 4th Chin Battalion cih om hi.

Panglong Conference ni February 12, 1947 pen Union Day in, ki ciamteh hi. Chin Hills Division pen Chin Hills Special Division in laih uh hi. 1974 kum in Chin Affairs Council in Chin Hills Special Division pen Chin State in laih uh hi.

Burma in Independent a ngah kumin Kam Hau gam Ukpi nunung pen Pu Pum Za Mang in November 10, 1948 zankim laitak in Tedim Innpi ah a zin leh a natna kitheilo in si hi. Pu Pum Za Mang a sih ciangin A pa Hau Cin Khup kiangah vui dingin ama Jeep tawh Tonzang ah kipua to hi. A tate in Sial, lawi, bawng, leh sakol a kigawm in gan 45 kawsah sat uh hi. April 15, 1949 nitak nai 10:00 in vui uh hi. November10, 1950 kumin a zi le a tate in Pu Pum Za Mual a bawl uh hi.

Thu lakna te;

• Mualbem khua tangthu

•’Kam Hau gam ukpite tangthu

• Sukte ukpite tangthu

• Heilei Mualsuang (Pu Kam Cin Pau, 2005)

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