‘TEDIM’ bangci at ding?,  ‘ ZOMI’ in bangciang huam       Dr Dongno

Tidim, Tiddim maw, Tedim? cih thu net sung ah kikupna tampi omin, kikum ciang bek hi lo-in, i uliante mawhsuanin, ko bawlin,”... ahih lam ngaihsutin nei lo uh,...muh kholhna anei ngiat lo kumpi nasem ulian neih sunsunte’ khutma “ cih ciang ahi zongin, ‘Zomi’ in kuateng, bangciang huam cih thu tawh, “ Zomi pen Chin State buppi ahuam lungsim tawh Penglam pawi khatin..” ci sawnsawnin azahtaak-huai i mipihte sukha zeel ahih manin hoih nawn lo hi. Saikaakin muhna tuamtuam pan en leng,

1. A. TIDIM : Thadote-in nidang, Pu Hau Let khan lai pekin Khuangzang veeng kicihna ah na teeng ngei uh aa, Vansangdim bualtui bulphuhin, ti=tui, dim=bual, Tidim na ci uh hi kici hi. Tuni dong mah Thadote’n “ Tidim ko khua hi” ci liuliau lai uh hi. Ka neulai un TBA huang kiim, (Khuangzang)  Sangmangte inn sak teng ah a kulh bawlte uh ki mu thei lai hi. Tua ahih ciangin, ‘Tidim’ zong tangthu guh bul kip anei gige min masa khat ahi  hi.

B. TIDDIM : Hih pen Mangkangte’n Annexation of Chin Hills ong hih ding uh ciangin khua min, gam min, mun min, mual min, lui min, a kanna pan-un a mau zaakna tung tawnin hih bangin na ciamteh uh aa, 1889 kumin Tiddim ong la-in, 1891 teh, vuandok khat tawh ong uk aa kipan ‘Tiddim’ ci-in ong uk suak uh hi. Tua hun lai-in Zomi lai thei ki om nai lo-in, ngaihsutna zong kicing nai lo ahih manin ong uk Tote cih bangbangin akimang toto ahi hi.

Tua ahih ciangin, office records, documents, laipai leh gamlimte ah Tiddim na kici aa, Cope Topa-in zong na zang hi. WW ll ciangin, war records, gal thu laibu tuamtuam ki-at khempeuh leh War Memorial-te leh Museum-te dongin ‘Tiddim’ ci-in leitung buppi-in kiptakin ciamteh zo hi. 

C.  TEDIM : Vansangdim bualtui mah bulphuhin kiphuak hi aa, Pu Gui Mang, Pu Em Do leh adangin ni taang sung ah ‘ te dimdim’ cihna -in na phuak uh ci-in zong kigen hi. 

I kheel nop leh ei mau khua min hi. Ki thukim peuh leng i deih bangin khek theih mah hi.  A hih hangin limtakin thu kan photin thu i kikup ding thupi hi. Hih hangin ong sihsan khin i neih sunsun Zomi uliante mawhsakin, “..ngaihsutin nei lo uh,...muh kholhna anei ngiat lo kumpi nasem ulian neih sunsunte khutma “ cih ciang tut pah phengpheng ding hi lo hi.

Hih thu hangin ‘siattutna om thei’ ding cih zong om pah tuan lo hi. 

Ei bek hi lo-in, Falam zong amau kicihna taktak ‘Fahlam’ ahi hi. Haka zong ‘Halkha’ ci-in amau leh amau ki lo uh hi. Mangkang kumpi mahin abawl ahi hi. Eite bang hi lo-in Falamte’n a neih sunsun a uliante uh zahtakin, it bawl veve uh hi. Hakate’n zong a ulian neihte uh hih thu hangin mawhsiatin pholaak se lo uh hi. Picing ngaihsutna sang nei uh hi. Minam it dan tua bang ding ahi hi. I neih sunsun i uliate, leitung khuazang zak dingin, hawmthawhna tawh agensiasiate Zomi it kici thei lo hi. I itte gensiat ding cih thadah, agensia om le, i mudah hi.  I mipih uliante a ko a daisak te’n Zomi nautaang bang ci-in it thei ding, laamsaang zo ding ahi hiam? 

2. ‘ZOMI’ in kuateng huam? : Tu ciangdong Zomi definition saan theih diam ki nei nai lo aa, kikup hun ahih manin a nuai aa thute mangngilh loh ding hoih ka sa hi. 

I pu-i pate Tibet gam pan Kawlgam ong tun uh ciangin Chindwin gun kuam teng ah 6 AD pan kum sawtpi na teeng uh hi. Jo/Yo/Zo petty kingdom, Zo country, Zo petty nation, Zo district i neih lam, Fan Cho 863AD, Sir H Yule 1508 AD, Rev Fr V. Sangermano 1783,  Rev.H.Melcolm, Julia Lowell- mipilte-in na ciamteh uh hi. Tua hunin, Tedim, Falam, Haka, Matu, Paletwa, etc. cih om nai lo-in i vekpi ii ‘Zogam’ (kingdom, nation,etc.)ci-in i pupate na teeng khawm uh hi. 

B S Carey & HN Tuck, Sir George Scott leh Tangthu kiva Kawl mipil, U Thein Pe Myint -te-in “ Chin i cihte, amau leh amau ‘Zomi’ kici uh hi “ ci-in ahi zongin, tangthu kiva  Daw Khin Myo Chit-in zong, “Yaw, Lusei, Thahdo, Naga, Kuki-te a taktakin ‘Zomi’ ahi uh hi” na ci ciat uh hi.

1953 kumin Haka gam, Saika khua ah Rev S T Hau Go makaihna tawh Zogam buppi Baptistkikhopna ah, “ i vekpi-in Zomi i hih ciangin “ ci-in, Zomi Baptist Convention na phut uh hi. Hih pen Khamtung bup ‘Zomi’ hi ci-in sak-leh-khang kithukim diamin iki ciaptehna amasapen hi aa Rev Hau Go leh Sia Sang Fen(Haka Zo Khua)te-in tua dial nuai ah Khamtung mite’ ong makaih uh hi.

 Ei Zomi tangthu akan mipil vive ahi, Dr. Vum Kho Hau, Prof. Laldena, Dr. Vum Son, Dr. Tualchin Neihsial, Dr. H. Kamkhenthang, Dr. Mangkhosat Kipgen, Cap. Sing Khaw Khai, Pu K. Zawla, Pu R. Vanlawma, B. Langthanliana, Dr. V. Lunghnema, Dr. Hawlngam Haokip, Pu L. S. Gangte, Pu T. Gougin, Pu Thang Khan Gin Ngaihte, Rev. S. Prim Vaiphei, Rev. Khup Za Go, Pu L. Keivom, Rev. S. T. Hau Go, Dr. Khen Za Sian, Prof. Thang Za Tuan, Rev. Sing Ling, etc. te-in zong  ” Chin pen Zomi ahi hi” ci-in na ciamteh ciat uh hi. Hih pen Zomi definition kip khat i phuh nopleh i ngaihsut kaak ding ka deihna ahi hi.

 Hi bangin Sen mi pil, Mangkang mi pil, Europe gam mipil, Kawl mi pil - Vai gam leh ei Zomi mipil tingtengte in, thu akan dimdem khit uh ciangin “Zo, Zomi" i cih ciangin kuateng huam hiam?” cih siangtakin ong lak zo uh hi.  

Zomite France (Piantit) Gam Pai Na Tangthu.

A kaikhawm Zomi Nam Network || www.zominational.com on Sunday, February 1, 2015 | 5:49 PM

Leitung Galpi Khatna 1914 August 3 ni in Europe pan hong kipan hi. Britain (England), Russia, France (Piantit) le America te kipawlin a langkhat lamah Germany, Hungary, Turkey le Bulgaria gamte kipawl hi. Mi awn (15) val in a nuntakna bei lawh hi. England le a ukna gamteng (British Empire) pan galkap sinsen mi (908, 371) in a nuntakna pia hi. France gamah a kisim laitak un Englandte in amau huhsa gam tengah huhna mah ngen kawikawi uh hi. Egypt, Fiji, India, Malta, Mauritius, Seychelles, British West Indies, South Africa leh China gamte panin huhna ngen in Kuli ding la uh hi. Egypt panin 100,000, India panin 21,000, South Africa panin 20,000 kila hi. China panin mi 50,000 la uh a, tua lakah 2000 bang si hi kici hi.

Tua hun in ih Kawlgam England Kumpi in hong uk khin ahihmanin, Kawlgam ah zong huhna hong ngen uh hi. Kawlgam leh India panin Hindu, Shynteng, Khasi, Lusei, Meitei, Bihar, Orissa, Pathan, Bengali, Kumoan leh Zomi te na la uh hi. Zogam ah huhna ngen dingin Mawlaik panin Deputy Commissioner F.O.Fowler 1917 January nipi masa sungin Tedim hong tung hi. Amasa in Ukpite in na nial uh hi. A hi zongin F.O Fowler in, 1891 June 23, ni a Thaangpi a kibawl Thuciam Sialbanna bulphuhin huhna hong nget ciangin, Ukpite in na nial ngam nawnlo uh hi.

x.Labour Corps paiding Mi 1033 Ngah

Ukpi Hau Cin Khup in makai in Tedim gam (Tedim subdivision) sung Ukpi, Hausa le Upate in Mikang Kumpite ngetna tawh ki zui-in Kam Hau ukna sung pan mi ( 500 ), Sukte le Sihzangte ukna sung pan mi ( 500 ) France (Piantit) pai ding in thu hong omsak uh hi. A kikaih khop taktak ciangin Sukte gam pan mi ( 250 ), Sihzang gam pan mi ( 83 ) leh Kam Hau gam pan mi ( 700 ) ngah sak in, a vekpi in mi ( 1033 ) pha hi. A ki ngen zah sangin a tam zaw ngah sak uh ahihmanin Khamtung a uk Mikang Superintendent pa in Ukpite tungah Tedim Subdivision sungah pasal kum 20 pan 40 kikal 5000 bangbek a om sung pan 1033 a ngah sak thupitakin lungdamna thu gen hi.

1911 kum Khamtung gam miphazah ciaptehna (Chin Hills census) ah Tedim leh Tonzang (Tedim subdivision) sungah mimal 30,000 om in pasal sinsen 5000 a om sung pan pasal 1033 Galhuh (Labour Corps) dingin pai ahihmanin Zomi pasal tingeing seh-nga-suah seh-khat ahihkeileh Zomi (3%) in France gam galmai a nasepna tawh Mikang kumpi kipanpih ahihi. Galhuh pai dingte Tedim ah kha (3) sung Falam Zomi Military Police te`n Lampai dan, vei le tak kihei dan le nasep dan ding sinsak phot uh hi. Kha (3) sung a man khit uh ciangin inn lamah kha lang sung ciah khuan pia uh hi. 1917 May 15 ni-in Galhuh ding mi 1033 te Tedimah kituah uh a, France (Piantit) gal mai a nasem dingin, Tedim khua panin dingkhia uh hi.

x.Labour Corps Paiding Kizolna

Leitung Galpi khatna hunlai in ei Zomi te Kawlpi na ngawn a kipha ngam mengmeng lo i hih manin, France gam pai ding pen hong ciah kik nawnlo ding, a si pah dingin ki ngaihsun ahihmanin innluah ding peuhmah ki paisak lo in, nau zawte bek ki paisak zaw hi. A pai ding dang a om vetlote a ta u pen sangin apa bang a pai zaw om lai hi. Tonzang khua pan in Pu Lam Za Nang pen inn luah ding ahih manin ama tangin a nau Pa Pau Za Gin paisak uh a, a kum pen 16/17 gual tangval no ahi hi. France pai dingte hih a nuai a bangin ki zol hi:
1) Dol le thau ngah thei ding
2) Pahtawina ( Medal ) zong ngah thei ding
3) Innmun logam zong deih bangbang ngah thei ding
4) Logam eka (acre) 30 nei thei ding. Cihbangin kizol uh hi.
Khasum, Za le Luangman
France paite Mikangte khut nuai ah Ukna dawl ( 3 ) in ki uk uh in, anuai a bangin a dinmun uleh a khasum ding kiseh sak hi. A si a om le zong Luangman piak dingin nei uh hi.
a) Coolie nautangte’ khasum Rs.20
b) Coolie mi (30) ukte’ khasum Rs.30 hi in, a dinmun uh Mate ki ci hi.
c) Coolie mi (60) ukte’ khasum Rs.50 hi in, a dinmun uh Headman ki ci hi.
d) Coolie mi (120) ukte’ khasum Rs.100 hi in, a dinmun uh Chief kici hi.
e) Kamphente’ khasum Rs.70 hi in, a dinmun uh Interpreter ki ci hi.
f) A Site luangman ding in Rs.300 ki pia hi.
Nasepna
Thautawi a galsim taktak ahih loh uh hangun gal sunga innsia, losia te puah in, van kem, gam hah le kuli nate sem uh hi. Mikang mite a ki pan India mi, Africa mi, khamtung Zomi, Tankun mi cihbangin kigawm mimal 50,000 val pha in, khen (Corps) 78 in kikhen uh hi. A nasepna uh Germanyte gal kisimna mun tawh tai 25 bek ki gamla ahih manin nisim thau ging za den uh hi. A nasepna uh Captain, galkap bu bawk nih, bawk khat, Sergent, Corpral cihbangin Mikang uliante mahin uk sawn in, nasep siam, nasep hahkatte le nasep citakte ciamteh in, nisim in thuzaksakna ( Newspaper) ah suaksak den uh hi.

x.France om sung Lawm Annek Pawi bawl

Zomite in kum khat sungin Khuado (Kumkhen pawi) le Lawm Annek Pawi (Sialsawm pawi) nih ihnei hi, koikoi ah om ta leng hi pawi nihte ki bawl den hi. Tua mahbang in France pai te’n zong 1918 kum April kha sungin vok luang nih tawh lawm annek pawi icih Sialsawm pawi ni nih sung na bawl uh hi. Zu leh sa ne in Zola sa in 
gualnuam mahmah uh hi. Leitung tuipigal gam mong khat pek a om ahihman un a lung uh zuangin hibangin La na phuak uh hi.
Piantit La:
a) Ong ki thang ven vaimang na khan ciautui len nak ong thon e,
b) Tong luan siam thang kheem sang e, ka tehpih ding bei tah e.
a) Pian tui a gam lei aw e sial zo tam tuang a tun’na,
b) Sial za tam pian tui ngak hen aw, I sau lam zong ta ni e.
Pu Lian Za Kham La (Latung):
a) Piantit a gam, lei aw e, sial za tam tuang, a tun’n
b) Sial zatampian, tuui ngaak hen aw, ih sau lam zong, ta ni e.
a) Thangvan solkha nin puan bang thak, phung teng mun kibawl ing e.
b) Lungzuan lai ah, na lua hiam aw, ka mai mit suan cim lang e.
Pu Thawng Za Khai La (Latung):
a) Ong ki thang ven, vai mang na khan, ciau tui leen naak ong khon e.
b) Tong luan siam a, thang khem sang e, ka teh pih ding bei tah e.
Kimawlna
Bikot Camp a om lai un a naseppih uh midangte tawh, lungnop nadingin Tukpeng (Football) kidem zel uh hi. Tua kidemna ah na zo uh a hih manin, Piantitte in lamdang sa in a pahtawina uh Pu Lian Za Kham in a nuai abangin la na phuak hi:
a) Piantui a zal mi zatam te in, kua vontawi bel hiam ci e,
b) Kua vontawi ci’n khau bang sut ing, puvon ngo sal bang lang e,
Alexandria (Egypt gam) a om sungun Gualkhate tawh tuipek kidem uh a, Gualkha galkap (9), Zato kipuak a hih manin, tuipek ding kikham hi.
Khalkha, Kuki (Thahdo) mite leh Mikangte Kidona
Khamtung Gam (Chin Hills) a om Subdivision thum: Haka, Falam le Tedim pan in mi 1000 ta Galhuh pai sak ding Mikang kumpi ngetna Tedim le Falam in lungkimin asan hangin Khalkha in nasang zolo uh ahih manin na lehdo uh hi. Khalkha mi ( 40 ) si-in, khua ( 18 ) ki haltumsak hi. Khalkha le Mikangte galkidona pen “Anglo-Chin War 1917” kici hi. Tuamahbangin India gam Manipur a om Kuki (Thahdo) mite‘n zong nasang zolo uh ahih manin Mikang kumpi na lehdo uh a, kum nih sung bang kido uh hi. Khua (86) bang ki haltum sak in, mi zong tampi tak si hi. Tua Kuki (Thahdo) mite le Mikangte galkidona pen “Anglo-Kuki War 1917-1919” kici hi.
[Hih anuai a Thute France labour Corps apai Lieutenant Pu Vungh Za Kham, Bumzang khuami in ama mit muh leh a tuah khak thute a gelh ahihi]

1) France Labour Corps paidingte Tedim ah kikaihkhopna
1914 kum in Leitung Galpi khatna hongpiang in, 1917 January kha nipi masa in Tedim ah E.O. Fowler, Mawlaik Deputy Commissioner hong paito in Kam Hau gam Ukpi Hau Cin Khup kiang ah, 1891 June kha ni 23 ni a Fort White ah Mikang kumpi le Khamtungmite Thuciam Sialbanna (agreement) thu siksan in Labour Corps mi tul khat hong nget ciangin, Ukpi Hau Cin Khup le Tedim gam ukpi le hausa upate’ thukimna bangin January le February kha in mi tul val kikhawm in Tedim khua ah kha (3) sung nasep kisin hi.

2) Tedim pan Rangoon paina
1917 May kha ni 27 ni-in France gal mai a nasem dingin Tedim pan ding khia in 08.06.1917 ni zingsang nai 5:30 AM in Rangoon tembaw khawlna katung uh hi. Tua ni in France pai ding mi tulval leh hongkha Ukpi Hau Cin Khup le a khut nuai a hausa khempeuh tawh Sir U Phu Taa in zingan hongvak in tua pan France paiding mi tualval te, Kaihei tazeih zatep bu khat, Nazapian zatep tawn sawmte thoh khat, khaki puanak khat, khaki pheituam khat, puanak sungsilh khat, mainul khat tek le sunan phel khat ciat hong pia uh hi. 09.06.1917 nitak nai 2:00 in hongkha khempeuh tawh mangpha kikhak in tembaw tung ah kah in nitak nai 3:00 in kading uh hi.

3) Rangoon pan Calcutta paina
13.06.1917 nitak nai 5:00 in Calcutta katung uh hi. Kei pen khasum pek (30) sang pawl Section Commander ka hi a, ka mite Cingpikot khua mi Khoi Gin pen Rangoon pan akam hong na in tembaw Zato a kikoih in Calcutta katun ciangun Zatopi ah kipuak pah hinapi azan ciangin si ci-in 
telephone hongset uh a, mei tawh ahaal dinguh deihlo ka hih manin Calcutta pan tai (15) a gamla hanah ngeina bangin vui in, nitak nai 10 PM in ka omna uh katung kik zo pan uh hi.

4) Calcutta pan Bombay paina
24.06.1917 nitak nai 5 PM in Calcutta pan meileng tawh kapai uh a, 28.06.1917 ni zingsang nai 6 AM in Bombay katung uh hi. Bombay panin Zatote’n hong en uh in, a khanghaam a vot thuak zolo ding mi 15 Khamtungah ciahsak kik uh hi.

5) Bombay pan Eden (Yemen), Suez (Egypt) le Alexandria (Egypt) paina
28.06.1917 nitak nai 2 PM in Sente’ tembawpi tawh kapai leuleu uh a, 14.07.1917 zingsang nai 5 AM in Eden (Yemen gam) Tembaw khawlna tung napi ungin tum theihna khuan (entry permit) hongpia lo ahih manun nitak nai 7 PM in katum thei pan uh hi. 17.07.1917 ni-in Eden panin Tembaw tawh pai leuleu in 21.07.1917 ni-in Suez (Egypt) katung uh a, tua lai ah Mikang galkapte’ Vanleng tat te tawh ka kimu uh hi. 26.07.1917 nitak nai 6 PM in Suez khawpi panin Meileng tawh pai in 27.07.1917 zingsang nai 8:30 AM in Mediterranean tuipi a Tembaw khawlna munpi ahi Alexandria khuapi katung uh hi.

6) Alexandria (Egypt) pan Taranto (Italy), Marseilles (France) paina
Alexandria pan in Tembaw dang khat tawh kilaih in nitak lamin dingkhia in sun le zan in pai-in 01.08.1917 ni-in Italy lei taw lam Taranto khuapi katung uh hi. 06.08.1917 ni-in Taranto panin Meileng hoihte tawh sun le zan in pai in 14.08.1917 ni-in France gam Marseilles khuapi katung uh hi. Marseilles khua katun uh ciangin mi (30) uk a khasum pek 3 tawh khamtung pan apai te´n khasum pek (50) ngah in gamdang pai man (overseas allowance) tawh khasum (150) kangah uh hi. Marseilles katun ciangin Capt. Rundall in hong uk in Sukte le Sihzang mi pawlkhat No. 61 le Kam Hau mi No. 62 ci-in ka kikhen uh hi.

7) Marseilles pan Galkidona mun Bikot Camp paina
24.08.1917 ni-in Marseilles panin Meileng tawh pai in 27.08.1917 ni-in Germany le Mikangte’ kikapna France le Gelgium te gampi Bikot Camp katung uh a, tua camp lui hah in na kasep laitakun Tonzangte Neng Za Langh in khut bomb te khat hong gingsak kha in, Tonzangte Khup Za Lian le a lawmte nga hong liam in amah nasiapen in Zato ah kapuak pah uh a pension ngahpah hi. A dangte nasia liamlo ahih manin bangmah ngah lo uh hi.

8) Brazil Camp ah Nasepna
Bikot Camp panin September kha bei kuanin Brazil Camp ah ka kisuan uh hi. Brazil Camp pen tai (5) kual sung ding bangin zai a, tua lai ah nasem tul sawmthum bang ding le galkap tul sawmnih ding ki om hi. Brazil Camp ka nusiat ma un sun le zan in thau, metpi le bomb gingte Van ging mah bangden in, tai (100) kual sung ding thautang in san ziziah napi’n Pasian huhna tawh kanungta bilbel uh hi. Bikot a ka om lai un Labour Corps pan in Mikang Galkap suahna ding British Parliament ah kingen in, a awn’ ciang kongpia dinguh hi, cih thu hong tunkik pah hi. Tua laitak in Tonzangte U Khup Za Dal hong kamkhial kha in kiman a, kei, Gamngai te Let Kham, Mualpite Thang Tuan le kalawm dangte uh tawh aamah khan (bail) in suakta napin bukkhuh in hongsi a, Mikang galkapte in thupi takin zahtakna pia in kavui uh hi.

9) London Paina
Brazil Camp a nasem India lam tawh kigawm Corps (78) omna sung ah No. 61 le 62 te nasep siam mahmah a minthang ahih man in England Kumpi King George V in kimuhpih nuam ing acih ciang in No. 61 le 62 sung pan in anuai a min om teng kiteel na ka nei uh hi.
Kumpipa tawh kimu dinga kiteel te:-
1) Subedar Mang Pum, Khuasak
2) Interpreter Thuam Pau, Khuasak
3) Interpreter Thawng Za Khai, Muizawl
4) Coy Commander Song Theu, Tualzang
5) Coy Commander Vungh Za Kham, Bumzang
6) Coy Commander Kam Za Mang, Tuipi
7) Coy Commander Hau Za Nang, Heilei
8) Platoon Commander Hang Khaw Cin, Tuitawh
9) Platoon Commander Thiau Kam, Kaptel
10) Sgt. Vial Zen Vangteh
1918 March kha ni 9 ni-in Boulogne Tembaw khawlna ah ka giak uh a, 1918 March ni 10 ni-in English Channel Tembaw tawh kantan in nitak lam nai 4 PM hun in England Tembaw khawlna ah tung in Meileng ah tuang leuleu in nitak nai 9 PM in London Meileng khawlna katung uh a, motor tawh hong nadawn uh a, India Zintun Inn khan kua na (9th floor) ah katung uh hi. Tua Zintun Innpi zindona inndeipi sung ah Prime Minister le Minister dangte in hong dawn in hong nohset uh a, 11.03.1918 ni zingsang nai 9 AM in galkap kizepnam teng tawh kizem in Kumpipa tawh kimu ding cih thu hong gen khit ciang in kinohset in ka kikhen uh hi.

10) England Kumpipa tawh Kimuhna
1918 March kha 11 ni zingsang nai 8 in Mawtaw in hongla in England Kumpite a khang a khang a ah tenna uh Buckingham Palace kapai uh a, Kumpipa’ innkhan khat ah khamtawh kizut Saiha sau mahmah Sailu nih kisuanna inndei ah kigual in nai 9 in kumpipa galkap kizepna teng silh in huih kahna lei tawh hong kumsuk in thumvei zahtakna kapiak khit uh ciangin kinohset in hih anuai a thu teng hong gen hi:
“Hihzahtak a gamla Khamtung gam pana gal huhding a hongpai India Labour Corps sung pan in No. 61 le 62 te galmai khempeuh nasepna ah hahkat takin deihsakna tawh semin asep khempeuh uh hoih takin zo uh hi cih thu kaza a, bangmah tawh kiteh thei loin ka lung adam mahmah hi. Tua ahih ciangin hih letungah Mikangte’ tangthu abei mateng in Zomi peuhmah gilkial dangtak in hong puuksisak loin na gentheihna khempeuhte uh Mikangte in konghuh kongkem tawntung ding uh hi’ cin-in thu kongciam hi.” acih khit ciangin “note tawh sau veipi ka om nop hangin ka nasep tam mahmah ahih manin sauvei ih om khawmna ding hun a om loh manin kadah hi. Tua ahih ciangin London a nataam sungun na lamdang tuamtuamte a kisaipih Vuanzite in hong makaih in hong etpih ding uh hi,” hong cih khit minute nga ding ciangin ka kikhen uh hi.

11) London Khuasung Hawlna
Kumpi inn pan ka paikhiat khit uh ciangin nidang lai a mawhna nei Kumpinu kithahna le na lamdang tuamtuamte ka en uh hi. Kumpi inn pen a zaina tai (2) kual bang pha in a inn tungah dial (Flag) mun (16) ah ki khai hi. Tua ni mahin nidang a London khua katna leh ziinliin a asiatna te ka en uh a, manga i mat tawh a kibang ahi zongin apiang bang lim kimu ahih ciangin ka nuam uh hi.
12.03.1918 ni-in Pitu Hlotdaw ah kakah uh hi. Hlotdaw kikhop kaman uh ciangin Hlotdaw Ohkathah ahi Kawlgam Baziankhanpa in a innah Niangtui le moh tawh hongvaak hi. 13.03.1918 ni zingsang aneek khit ciangin a kisaipih Minister leh motor (4) hong tungin ganhing khawina ka en uh hi. Gan khawina ah India, Kawlgam a I muh ngeiloh amin nangawn I theih loh a tuamtuam natam mahmah hi.
14.03.1918 ni-in Mikang kumpi khempeuh le gam vaihawm Ulian khempeuh le tuate laizang ah Kumpi George V te innkuan’ lim omna ka en uh a, mi lah milim kisa, milim lah mi taktak mah kisa in lamdang thei mahmah cih ciang gen theih hong hilel hi. Tua nitak lamin kham, ngun a kipan sik namkim khempeuh, suang namkim khempeuh atuamtuam kibawlna ka en uh hi. 15.03.1918 ni-in zingan ne baih in nai 7 AM in London khaw nawl a vanleng bawna en in ka pai uh a nai 12 in tungin en kawikawi in nitak lam nai 3:30 PM a ka ciah uh a nai 8 PM in kazin tunna inn katung kik uh hi. Lamdang hi. 16.03.1918 ni-in India Bazian khanchoh pension lapa in an hong vak in ka nek khit uh ciangin Roll Company le Whiteson Company ah kavak kawikawi uh a, hong limbawl mahmah uh in nuam mahmah hi. London pan in ni 20.03.1918 ni a ciah ding hinapi ungin Germany te tul zathum tul zali bang kimante puakna in Meileng Tembaw kicinglo ahih manin 22.03.1918 ni-in Brazil Camp ah ka ciah theipan uh hi.

12) Mikang Galkap Suahna
Brazil katun khit uh ciangin Parliament panin thu hong leeng in Labour Corps No.62 te Labour panin Mikang galkap suakin Lyon Camp ah nasep sinding cih thu hong tungin Brazil panin Lyon Camp ah ka kisuan uh hi.
Mikang galkap suah ding ciangin hih anuai a bangin zaa kingah hi:
1. Capt F.O Fowler – Colonel
2. Gordon – Lt. Colonel
3. Warald – Major
4. Oh Takhin –Captain
5. Thawng Za Kai -Captain –Muizawl
6. Thuam Pau – Captain –Khuasak
7. Vungh Za Kham – Lieutenant – Bumzang
8. Song Theu – Lieutenant Kaptel
9. Kam Za Mang – Lieutenant –Tuipi
10. Kim Vungh -Lieutenant – Lamzang
11. Do Cin Lian -Lieutenant – Haupi
12. Cin Khai -2nd, Lieutenant –Tuitum
13. Lian Za Thang -Lieutenant – Laitui
14. Pau Cin Lian -Lieutenant – Gamngai
15. Pau Za Cin -Subidar – Suangzang

Atung a bangin za tuamtuamte a piak banah, Sergeant, Corporal akipan san khat, san nih le za tuamtuam a ngah tampi ki om hi.

13) Innlam pan Thu Zaksakna
Pau Cin Hau lai tawh Khamtung panin lai hong kikhak in, Kuki gal, Khalkha gal om in lo kikho manlo hi cih thu a kizak ciangin ciah ding bek kingaihsun ta hi. Hih thu hangin E.O. Fowler in ulian 60 sim loh ration leh kumpi puante apiak loh ciangin Rangoon a U Phutaa hong puan piakte kisilh hi. Tua ciangin London Parliament ah lai kikhia in nili khit ciangin Bocoh khat, General nih, Brigadier thum le galkap bu pawlkhat hongpai in, ‘Note nasep siampen nahih uh ciangin, naciah nop uh leh, ciah thei. Meileng le Tembaw hong vaihawm nungin nuam tak in na om un,’ ci-in ration leh puansilh hong ngahsak kik uh hi.

14) Khamtunggam Ciahkikna
Tua khit sawt loin Tembaw pi (4) a cing ding Tembaw giat hong tungin India Labour Corps leh No. 62 Labour Corp te kong ciah uh a, Kawlpi Piinta seih ah Tedim D.C. L.B. Naylor le ulian pawlkhat in hong na dawn uh a, cidam in 1918 August kha in khamtung kongtung uh hi. Inn kong tun khit uh sawt lo in Ukpi Hau Cin Khup in sial le lawi hong gawh hi. (Lieutenant Pu Vungh Za Kham lai gelh hi ciang ahihi.)
France (Piantit) pan Pahtawina Ngun Naam ngah teng:
France pai khamtung mite hong ciahkikna hangun makaipi ahi Mawliak mangpipa Capt. E.O Fouler pen heh mah mah a, a ki ngah ding min phat na tuamtuam leh hamphatna ding teng ki ngah nawnlo hi ci hi. Ahihhangin November 11, 1918 Kum, Galpi masa a veng khit ciangin Mikang Kumpi te’n a nuai a makai mi ( 5 ) teng pahtawina Ngun Naam hong piaksak veve uh hi.
1) Pa Pau Za Cin ( Suangzang )
2) Pa Thawng Za Kai ( Muizawl )
3) Pa Song Theu ( Tualzang )
4) Pa Vial Zen ( Vangteh )
5) Pa Mang Pau ( Tedim )
Mikang Kumpi te’n France om sungin a si teng luangman pia uh a, a nungta lai teng zong nasep citak leh nasep hanciam ci-in pahtawina laipi khat tek hong pia hi.

x.France Labour Corps pai sung hong Nusia teng:
France pai Labour Corps a nasemte lungzuan khuangaihna tuamtuam kawm kalah mi (23) te in a nuntakna nusia ta uh hi.
Zogam ciahkik dingin khuan ngen uh a, 1918 July kha in hong ciah in August kha in Tedim hong tung uh hi. France gamah Kum khat leh kha guk sung nasem uh a, galmai leh natna tawh hong sihsante longal, Mikang Kumpi in minphatna Pahtawina Lai (Certificate) khat ciat hi bangin pia hi.

CERTIFICATE
This is Certificate is given to ———— who enrolled voluntarily as a mate in the Burma labour Corp and worked in France for the British Government during the great war. He worked loyally and well in all; weather by night as well as by day and every advance and often dangerous condition and willingly and cheerfully bare his share of the burdens of the day. This fact should ever be remembered to his credit by those who have any dealings with him and may all officials deal with him and his family in the liberal for him on which the place his service at the disposed of the empire in its hour of stress may he and his family never be forgotten.
Sd/-
F.O Fowler (Capt)
Burma Commission

France gam pai a meetna
...........................................
1).France gam paite hong ciah uh ciangin sum nei uh ahih manin a pai lote sangin nuntak nuam sa zaw uh hi. Leitung khua muhna bek hi loin sum thalawh ciilna zong ahi hi.
2).Galpi khit ciangin nakpi takin Zogamah Khristiante khang hi. 1918 kumin Khristian 500 bek om a, Kum 1924 ciangin 4,046 pha ta uh hi. Khristian a tam zaw pen Tedim mite sung pan hi a, France gam paite hang hi kici hi.
3).Zomite gal hang sa uh ahih manin Mikang kumpi in Zomite adingin galkap phuan uh a, “First Chin Battalion” kici 1921 kumin Kawlgamah kiphuan hi. Battalion thum dong kiphuan a, First, Second, Third Chin Rifles kici hi. Kawlgamah galkap kumpi a khan ciangin kiphiat kik hi
4).France gam paite tung panin puansilh zia kithei ta hi. A puansilh uh pen Police puan tawh kibang khakhi puan, bombi sing, puan-ak bantawng, zian lukhu, puan khedap mawza leh ngalvial nei uh a, thupi kisa mahmah hi. Galpi khatna ma-in puan kisilh mel loin, pasalte in dialkaih tawh zum selin, numeite in puan them letmat li ding tawh a nuai lam sel a, a tung lam pen kai lihliah sak lel uh hi. Galpi khatna khit ciangin puansilh a kisap zia kithei ta hi.

France gam pai a meetlohna
..............................................
1).France gam pai ding pen aana tawh kila hi a, ut lopipi mahin a pai uh ahi hi. A pai nuam lo Khalkha mite leh kumpite kidona-ah Khalkha mi 40 bang si-in khua 18 kihalsak hi. Hih pen “Anglo-Chin War” (1917) kici hi. Hih kidona hangin France gama Kuli nasem a om Zomite hong ciahkik uh hi.
2).India lamah zong Manipur a om Kukite in France gam pai nuam loin nial uh a, kumpite lang pan uh ahih manin Mikang kumpi in galkap 100 sawlin simsak hi. Kukite in zong na do uh a, kum nih sung bang kido uh hi. Khua 86 kihalsakin, mi tampi kithat uh hi. Hih kidona pen “Anglo-Kuki War” (1917-1919) kici hi.
3).Mikang kumpite in Zomi Kulite tungah a kamciam uh ahi Dolsing inn leh Zang lo pia lo hi. Capt. Fowler in a genna-ah Zomite in gal kidona a tawp dong sem zo loin gal a venh ma-in ciah uh ahih manin a kipia lo hi ci hi.

Thukhupna
Galpi masa lai in ipu ipa te England le apawl (allies) te panpih dingin pasal khangno mi 1033 te Zogam nusia in France gam na pai uh hi. Lamkal panin damlohna hang tawh mi (1) in nusia in, khuavot thuak zolo ding mi (15) te Zogam ah ciahkik in tualo adang mi 1017 te France gam galmai nasem (labour Corps) in na om uh hi. Galmai nasepna ah mi (22) te in a nuntakna na pia uh hi. Nasem (labourer) dinmun panin Mikang Galkap na suak uh hi. Bekthamlohin Mikang kumpi` pahtawina Ngun Naam mi (5) in na ngah uh hi. Nasem khen (Corps) 78 a om sung pan ei Zomi te 61 le 62 in kikhen in Galmai nasepna ah ahahkat pen le acitak pen in Mikang kumpi in na ciamteh hi. Tua ahihmanin France Labour Corps apai ipu ipa te ei khangthakte adingin angtan huai mahmah hi. Zomi te France paina in Zomite‘ Khuamuh Kipatna hi ci-in zong kiciamteh hi. Ih lungsim ah phawkden in Zomite` Taangthu ah ih ciamteh den ding ahihi.

Akaikhawm:
Pau Pian Thang (Paul Thangpi)

Laibu etkakte:
1). Zomka (Zomi Khristian Aw) Vol.8 Hawm 45, January and February 2004
2). Zomite’ Khuamuh Ciilna by G. K. Nang, Zomi News and Online Magazine (Vaphual.net) Posted by Carey Suante on March 16, 2010
3). The History of United Kingdom during the World War I, Wikipedia the free online encyclopedia (wikipedia.org)
4). Tongsan Net, Article: Zomi sung pan Piantit paite Tangthu by Sya Thangsiam, ACTS University, South Korea; Posted on June 7, 2009 by Tongsanpu Sya Khampek, Norway.
5). Zolus No. Vol. 4., 1999, Yangon
6). Tongsan Net, Aritcle: Piantit paite’ Tangthu by John Mangpu posted on Sept. 15, 2010
7). Sialkal Online Magazine: Zomi Khangthu (AD 1900 - 1980) kikal by J. Thang Lian Pau, 2002
8). Zomi News and Online Magazine (Vaphual.net) Article: The Haka Uprising by Dr. Pum Khan Pau; Posted by Carey Suante on June 25, 2009

Thanksgiving Day History

Thomas Piang 12:24am Nov 28  http://www.history.com/topics/thanksgiving/history-of-thanksgiving General knowledge ci kik leuleu ni! Tuni a i bawl Thanksgiving pen 1621 kum in a khat vei na Europe gam England pa'n Netherland gam ah tua pan Atlantic tuipi kan tan in US gam Tulaitak aa Massachusetts state natung masa uhhi. Tua apai hun in tuipi tungah hamsatna tampi a thuak ban vuah US atun uh teh winter(phalbi) hun tawh ong kituak ahih manin a paiteng lakpan alang bang na si hiau uhhi. Tuamun ah zg hamsalua ahih manin, tualaimun aa ana omkhin native america te-in,a nuntak khuasak zia dg uh na makaih,na huh uh ahih manin, a maikum khuakhaalhun dong akhawm dg uh, a Ann ciin te-uh nala zo uh ahihmanin, lungdamlua in nithum(3days) sung lungdamkohna pawi(Thanksgiving) ci-in na bawl uhhi. Tua zawh kum 240 khit president Abraham Lincoln kumpi sep America civil war hun 1983 kum in officially aa national holiday aa US gambup in Nov kha nipi 4 na i Thursday ni pen thanksgiving day ci-aa, ana ciapteh uh ahihi. Tua thanksgiving leh Dec 25 kikal pen holiday seasons ci in, van kum 1 sung aa a khawt loh teuh atamzaw 20 -40% khiam in na zuak uh ahihi. Tuatawh kizom in Thanksgiving ni a zing ciang ni pen Black Friday ni na kici hi. Tuani pen Company tuamtuam te'n van kum1 sung aa, akimaan thei pen aa a piak ni uh ahih man in Black Friday a cih ponguh hi-in, ataktak in ongkipat khiat na pen Massachusetts state,Philadelphia city pan hi. tua friday ni-in van aki man aakipia ahih manin i Mivom te'n vanlei ngei-ngai in mataw lampi teng khak ahih man in Taxi hawl te hehlua in tuni pen Black Friday hi acihna pan vua,ong piangkhia a hihi. A hizong in racial discrimination(minam ki deidan na) thu te hang in, a ki lawm dg aa company te van ngiampiak a ki paulam pong a black pen (a sum aa zuak) ni ci-aa a hiohkaih pong uh hi ci uh hi. Thanks everyone!!! History of Thanksgiving - Thanksgiving - HISTORY.com www.history.com Find out more about the history of History of Thanksgiving, including videos, interesting articles, ...

Thai kumpi pa Bhumibol Adulyadej kammal ciapteh huai pawl khat sim dih ni.

Tutung Thai kumpi pa Bhumibol Adulyadej kammal ciapteh huai pawl khat sim dih ni.

1. Mimtang, taangtang khat tuisik tak khat bek ahiphial zongin nekledawn ding aom sim in lungdam tawntung in.

2. Pasian tungah thu na nget simin neihlelam hauhna ngen kha kei in la, pilna le hanciam zawhna tha bek ngen zaw in.

3. Lawm thak na neih pen letsong hoih khat hi, tua mah bangin na lawm luite zong akipai thei lo amanpha ahih lam phawk den in.

4. Biakna tawh kisai Pasian thu kigelhna laibu kum simin khat ta beek sim sawm hamtang in.

5. Nang mahmah mi hoih na suak theihna dingin mi dangte hoihna dingin va huh sin dih in.

6. "Lungdam ing" cih kammal cilbawl ken la, tampipi zat sawm zaw in.

7. Na lawmlegualte hong kuppih thusim, a thuak khakuh khasiatna hong kuppihte hoih takin ngaihsak in la, kepcing sak in. Mi dang tungah thanggen sak ken in cihna hi.

8. Mawh maisak nopna lungtang neih sawm den in.

9. Thu gen ding sangin, thu ngaih zawh ding lam hanciam zaw in.

10. Na khialh khak aom leh khial kha ing ci ngam in.

11. Na kiat leh, na tuk leh, thokik, dinkik sawm pah in. Lau kei in.

12. Haksatna tuak semsem gualzawhna ding limci semsem cihna hi.

13. Evaluator sungah nasep vai thu kisel kha kei in. Kikhut khial thei cihna ahi diam maw!

14. Na credit card avalin zang ngei kei in. A batin van na deih peuh lei gawp kha kei in cihna hi.

15. Mi tungah na khialhna thumkik ding haksa sa kei in.

16. Na theih loh thute thei keng ci ngam in. Na theih loh zumpih kei in.

17. Tai tampi agamla khualzinna pen noptakin tung ding cih bang om thei lo hi.

18. A suah phet in atai zanzan thei kuamah om lo hi. Damtakin kipan in.

19. Nuntakna nopsak gualzawhna dingin ciil zek kul hi. Nanglenang ki it in.

20. Sum akem siam lote pen akikhual lo, khantoh ding a-sawm lo mite hi.

21. Mi kitawng nih ah akhawl masa, adai masa pen mipil zaw ahi hi.

22. Khantawn nisim nasem cih bang hi lo zaw-a, nisim tawlnga kawm-a nasem hizaw hi hang.

23. Lungsim khaut sak ding kisap hun om a, lungsim nem sak ding hun om hi.

24. A tel lo mite a-tel dongin hilh zawh sawm in.

25. Sum dangka tang na ngawnin maitang lang nih nei hiven, Nuntakna zong gualzawh hun, guallelh hun aom khawm zel ding mah hi.

26. Na lungsim deihna bangin mawk gamtat pahpah kha kei in.

27. Na ha bang hangin kitan thei? (a khaut luat man hi) tua leh na leii ee leh a kitan hia?

28. Singkung no agol mengmeng ding deih in a-dawn pan kai gawm kei in. Kizung loh in si ding hi.

29. Nisim in nanglenang thum vei ta asi thei nahih lam phawk sawm in, tua hi leh ahoih pen akiging thei den ding hi teh.

30. Puan ang-kilh pen a-masa khat khial kha le-cin, a-vekpi a-khial na hipah hi.

31. Nasep khat pepeuh tua hun, tua ni teitei in zo ding cih ciangtan nei hamtang in.

32. Tui hai sungah tui alang bek aom bangin kingaihsun den in.

33. Aksite le khapi pen sang lua deuh sam hiven, na bat zawh ding ciang bat sawm masa phot in.

34. Nuntakna ah nasep nop tampi tak om hiven, a thupite sep masak theih sawm in.

35. Laibu pen leitungah a-manpha pen pilna, thu theihna phualpi bang hi, kha sim bu khat ta bang sim zawh sawm in.

36. Na khempeuh mun, zialetong, dan-te nei sak in, Van khat pepeuh na-lakna munah koihkik pahpah in. Mihing manphatna pen cihtakna le kiciatna, thumaanna cihte tawh kiteh hi.

Hih Thai kumpipa pen Thai gam tangthu-ah kumpi-za sawt vei alenzo pen, a vangnei mahmah kumpi khat ahi hi. A pa Prince Mahidol in Public Health certificate Harvard University ah asin laitak December 05, 1927 ni-in Cambridge, Massachusetts hospital ah suak hi. June 09, 1946 in a-Upa kumpi Inn sungah thau tawh kikap lum a, tua pan in amah kumpi-za tu ni dong hong ngah to suak hi. A Upa sihna hang pen tu ni dong kithei khia zo lo hi. Bangbang ahi zongin hibangin gam khat kumpi sawtpi asem Bhumibol Adulyadej pen mi mawkmawk hetlo, mipil mahmah khat na himawk hi. 

Khat Thang

Cikha gam thu <tomkimcing> (Feb 2014)

February 12, 2014 at 6:04am

CIKHA GAM IH CIH CIH.......
Tuipi pan pi(2697")asanna-ah om a, taikhawk(390.62)zai-in, Veeng (2)[No.(1), No.(2) Ward], Khuata(31), Inn(1598), Mimal 10810 (Numei 5506 + Pasal 5304),
Khuapi teeng mi (2841), Khuata teeng mi (7969)hi a, Minam dang; Kawl(44) om hi. A dang theihhuai tuamtuam te anuai aa bangin kaikhawm in kongsuaksak hi - (hih data te pen February 2014 aa om dan ahi hi)

Leitang tawh kisai:
A zaina vekpi........... Acre 250000
Nuntaakna leitang.... Acre 3493
Gammang tulak......... Acre 22994
Leitang sia................. Acre 26179
Tangpi zat leitang....... Acre 197334

Gankhawina:
Lawi.................... 2250
Bawng................ 2360
Sial...................... 766
Sakol.................... 391
Keel...................... 2369
Vok....................... 9466
Ak......................... 50018
Vatawt................... 777

Biakna tawh kisai:
Chistian................. 10681
Biakinn/Pawlpi....... 29
Pastor.................... 67
Buddish................. 45
Laipian.................. 84

Sang tawh kisai:
High School........... 3
Middle School........ 9
Primary School...... 27
Sang naupang........ 2334
Tan-10 zawhna...... 5.26%

Cidamna lam tawh kisai:
Lupna (16).............. 1
Khuata zumpi........... 1
Khuata zumneu........ 4

Kizopna lampi:
Cikha-Tonzang.............. 53 Miles
Cikha-Tonzang-Tedim... 80 Miles

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Lungmuang taka na omna pawlpi kua phuh hi ding hiam?

1). Assyrian pawlpi sungah na om leh na omna pawlpi pen Catholic Church panin 431 AD hun in na pawpial khia hi. Hih pawlpi a pankhia Assyrian Bishops te pen Council of Ephesus in a nawlkhin mite ahi uh hi.

2). Oriental Orthodox pawlpi sungah na om leh na pawlpi pen 451 AD in Eastern bishops te’n council of Chalcedon a nial man un Catholic Pawlpi pan in atai khiate a hi uh hi.

3). Eastern Orthodox pawlpi sungah na om leh na pawlpi pen 1054 AD kum in Catholic Pawlpi panin a pawpial khiate ahi uh hi.

4). Lutheran pawlpi na hihleh na pawlpi pen 1517 kum in Catholic Pawlpi panin a taikhia Martin Luther in na pan khia hi. Martin Luther pen Catholic sunga om Augustinain phungzi khat hi ngei hi. Protestantism a pankhia pa zong amah ahihi. “Gupna ngahna dingin Upna leh Laisiangtho bek kicing zo” cih Doctrine tawh kal asuan khia ahih banah Romans 3:18 sungah kammal “Alone” abehlap pa hi. James 2:24 sunga kigelh “not by faith alone” cih thu a deih lohna hangin Laisiangthobu sung panin James laikhak a paikhia nuam pa zong Martin Luther mah ahihi. Catholic phungzi khat ahihna tawh khantawn zinei lo dinga kiciamna taisan in azi dingin Katharina von Bora akici Catholic nungaksiangtho khat a omna Nimbschen Cistercian Convent panin  a lakhia pa ahihi.

5). Anglican pawlpi sungah na om leh na pawlpi pen England kumpi King Henry VIII in 1534 kumin a na patkhiat ahihi. King Henry VII in a zi maak nop ciangin Poe in na phal lo hi. Tua thangpaai ahihman in Catholic panin taikhia a Anglican pawlpi phut pah hi.

6). Calvinist pawlpi na hih leh na pawlpi pen John Calvin in 1555 AD kumin na phut hi. Calvinism upna in “Zeisu pen mikim aa dingin asi hi lo hi. Teltuam mi pawlkhat te aa ding bekin Zeisu si hi” cih thu ahihi. John Calvin in Gupkhiatna kitaan thei lo hi ci ngiat hi.

7). Presbyterian pawlpi na hihleh na pawlpi pen John Knox in 1560 AD kumin U.S.A ah na phut hi.

8). Baptist pawlpi na hihleh na pawlpi pen John Smyth in 1609 AD in na phut hi.

9).  Methodist pawlpi na hihleh na pawlpi pen Anglican pawlpi pan a taikhia John leh Charles Wesly in 1739 AD kum in na phut uh hi.

10). Episcopalian pawlpi na hih leh na pawlpi pen Sam Seabury in 1789 AD kum in na phut hi. Hih pawlpi pen England gam a Anglican pawlpi bang mah hi in, Americante’ Anglican church hi zong kici thei hi. A suakta mahmah pawlpi khat ahihman in neih kibang kitenna (homosexual unions) zong nasia takin hanthawn in kipsak uh hi.

11). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) pawlpi sunga om na hileh na pawlpi pen 1830 AD kumin Joseph Smith in na phuan khia hi. Amau upna in “Topa Zeisu pen leitung dang khat a teeng hi-in a sawtna ciang Pasian hong suak pan ahihi. Tua ahihman in mihing zong Pasian kisuak thei hi” cih thu hi. Joseph Smith in zi tampi neih ding hanthawn hi. Ama genna ah “Pasian suah theihna ding lampi pen zi tampi neihna ahihi” ci hi.

12). Church of Christ pawlpi na hihleh na pawlpi pen Warren Stone leh Alexander Campbell in 1836 kumin na phuan uh hi. Hih pawlpi pen bang hangin Zeisu Christ Pawlpi kci thei ding hiam? Zeisu Christ pen Church of Christ pawlpi a kiphuh ma kum 1800 lai pek in singlamteh tungah sihna thuak in na thokik khin hi.

13). Seventh Day Adventist pawlpi na hihleh na pawlpi pen numei khat Ellen G. White akici in1844 AD kumin na phut hi. Ama muhna ah Pope pen Zeisu langpang pa “666” hi ci hi. Pope pen mangkam in “Vicar of Christ” hi in, Latin kam in hileh “Vicarious Fili dei” ahihi. Hih min pen Ellen G. White in Latin nambat tawh a gawm khop ciangin 666 cingsak hi. A lamdang mahmah khat ah “Vicarious Fili Dei” pen Latin kam tawh 666 cing zo lo hi. Ahizong ama min Ellen G. White cihpen Latin nambat tawh gawmto lehang cingzaw sese hi. (Aci te tung tu!!) Thukhun thak laisiangthobu pen Latin tawh kigelh lo in Greek kam tawh kigelh hi. Greek kam tawh Thukhun thak a gelhte pen Latin kam in na pau lo uh a, Aramaic kam in na pau sese uh hi.

14). Jehovah’s Witness pawlpi na hih leh na pawlpi pen Charles Taze Russel in 1874 AD kumin na phut hi. Amau upna ah Zeisu Christ pen Pasian hi lo hi. Zeisu Christ pen mihing sungah vantungmi Michael hong sunglut hizaw hi ci uh hi. Laisiangtho zong amau deihdan leh san theihdan bekin gelh khia uh hi.

15). Penticostal pawlpi na hih leh na pawlpi pen Charles F. Parkham in 1901 AD kumin nap hut hi.

16). Assemblies of God, United Church of Christ, Calvary Chapel, Piangthak pawlpi, leh pawlpi dang tuamtuamte na hihleh na pawlpi pen Protestant pastors te’n zandiak in ana phuhte vive hi.

17). Catholic Pawlpi na hihleh na omna Pawlpi pen 33 AD kum pan hong kipan ahihi. Kum 2000 cing val khin ta mah leh tuni ciang dong kip takin ding lai hi. Cikmah hun in puuk ngei lo ding hi.

-Francis Lamthang (Zomi Quavadis)

Science Tests Faith: Miracles of the Eucharist